Neumann.Berlin MM 2 Bedienungsanleitung

neumann.berlin

the microphone company

As an audio pioneer, Neumann

is constantly charting new terri-

tory. In the early years, when

microphone production was still

in its infancy, new problems

were encountered at nearly eve-

ry turn. For example, how can a

thin diaphragm be produced

from plastic? Neumann solved

this particular problem by heat-

ing the plastic and pouring a con-

trolled amount onto the surface

of water.

For the very first microphone

amplifiers, resistors were fash-

ioned from thin bars of graphite.

Acoustic measuring devices

hardly existed. So Neumann de-

veloped the first practical loga-

rithmic level recorder. For the

absolute calibration of pressure

microphones, Neumann de-

signed a pistonphone. In the best

pioneering tradition, Neumann

used these devices as indispen-

sable tools and aids for explor-

ing the frontiers of acoustic re-

search and the realization of in-

novative ideas.

The industry also lacked a cali-

bration standard for the acous-

tic testing of microphones. In

1949 Neumann developed a

miniature microphone capsule

that functioned as a pressure

transducer. The aluminum mem-

brane measures 10 mm in diam-

eter. To prevent disturbing the

sound field in the calibration

room by the relatively large mi-

crophone amplifier, the capsule

assembly is separated from the

amplifier housing with electri-

cal connection running through

a thin tube of 25 cm length. The

amplifier is modified from the

electronics used in the U 47,

with the same tube model

VF 14 M.

The calibration microphone features a linear frequency

range of 20-16,000 Hz, with a maximum deviation of

+/- 1 dB. Neumann used the calibration microphone in

conjunction with two Neumann P2 level recorders for qual-

ity control of its own microphone production. The combi-

nation of the calibration microphone with one level record-

er served to maintain a

constant sound pressure

level in the calibration

room, independent of the

frequency. The second lev-

el recorder monitored the

output voltage of the mi-

crophone under investiga-

tion.

The MM 2 was succeeded

in 1954 by the MM 3,

which had the same speci-

fications, but was equipped

with the AC 701(k) tube

in place of the VF 14 M.

For detecting higher fre-

quencies up to 50 kHz –

for example, when testing

acoustic models in reduced scale – Neumann developed

an even smaller capsule with a Nickel diaphragm, known

as the MM 5. Introduced in 1955, the MM 5’s frequency

response up to 20 kHz is as consistent as that of the MM 2

and MM 3. In the 20 kHz

to 50 kHz range, the tol-

erance is less than 3 dB.

These close tolerances

were regularly checked in

cooperation with the Nat-

ural Metrology Institute in

Braunschweig, (now Phy-

sikalisch Technische Bun-

desanstalt, the German

equivalent of National Bu-

reau of Standards).

Just as Neumann level

recorders were standard

equipment in most acous-

tic calibration laboratories

of the time, Neumann

calibration microphones

served for decades as the

standard for nearly all

manufacturers of microphones and loudspeakers. Calibra-

tion microphones continued to be produced until the ear-

ly 1970s. Today, almost thirty years later, many of them

are still in service.

Calibration Microphones

MM 2, MM 3, MM 5

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