PCB Piezotronics 377B13 Bedienungsanleitung

Model 377B13

Precision Condenser Microphone

Installation and Operating Manual

For assistance with the operation of this product,

contact PCB Piezotronics, Inc.

Toll-free: 800-828-8840

24-hour SensorLine: 716-684-0001

Fax: 716-684-0987

E-mail: [email protected]

Web: www.pcb.com

The information contained in this document supersedes all similar information that

may be found elsewhere in this manual.

Service –Due to the sophisticated

nature of the sensors and associated

instrumentation provided by PCB

Piezotronics, user servicing or repair is

not recommended and, if attempted,

may void the factory warranty. Routine

maintenance, such as the cleaning of

electrical connectors, housings, and

mounting surfaces with solutions and

techniques that will not harm the

physical material of construction, is

acceptable. Caution should be observed

to ensure that liquids are not permitted

to migrate into devices that are not

hermetically sealed. Such devices

should only be wiped with a dampened

cloth and never submerged or have

liquids poured upon them.

Repair –In the event that equipment

becomes damaged or ceases to

operate, arrangements should be made

to return the equipment to PCB

Piezotronics for repair. User servicing or

repair is not recommended and, if

attempted, may void the factory

warranty.

Calibration –Routine calibration of

sensors and associated instrumentation

is recommended as this helps build

confidence in measurement accuracy

and acquired data. Equipment

calibration cycles are typically

established by the users own quality

regimen. When in doubt about a

calibration cycle, a good “rule of thumb”

is to recalibrate on an annual basis. It is

also good practice to recalibrate after

exposure to any severe temperature

extreme, shock, load, or other

environmental influence, or prior to any

critical test.

PCB Piezotronics maintains an ISO-

9001 certified metrology laboratory and

offers calibration services, which are

accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025,

with full traceability to SI through

N.I.S.T. In addition to the normally

supplied calibration, special testing is

also available, such as: sensitivity at

elevated or cryogenic temperatures,

phase response, extended high or low

frequency response, extended range,

leak testing, hydrostatic pressure

testing, and others. For information on

standard recalibration services or

special testing, contact your local PCB

Piezotronics distributor, sales

representative, or factory customer

service representative.

Returning Equipment –Following

these procedures will ensure that your

returned materials are handled in the

most expedient manner. Before

returning any equipment to PCB

Piezotronics, contact your local

distributor, sales representative, or

factory customer service representative

to obtain a Return Warranty, Service,

Repair, and Return Policies and

Instructions Materials Authorization

(RMA) Number. This RMA number

should be clearly marked on the outside

of all package(s) and on the packing

Service, Repair, and Return

Policies and Instructions

list(s) accompanying the shipment. A

detailed account of the nature of the

problem(s) being experienced with the

equipment should also be included

inside the package(s) containing any

returned materials.

A Purchase Order, included with the

returned materials, will expedite the

turn-around of serviced equipment. It is

recommended to include authorization

on the Purchase Order for PCB to

proceed with any repairs, as long as

they do not exceed 50% of the

replacement cost of the returned

item(s). PCB will provide a price

quotation or replacement

recommendation for any item whose

repair costs would exceed 50% of

replacement cost, or any item that is not

economically feasible to repair. For

routine calibration services, the

Purchase Order should include

authorization to proceed and return at

current pricing, which can be obtained

from a factory customer service

representative.

Contact Information –International

customers should direct all inquiries to

their local distributor or sales office. A

complete list of distributors and offices

can be found at www.pcb.com.

Customers within the United States may

contact their local sales representative

or a factory customer service

representative. A complete list of sales

representatives can be found at

www.pcb.com. Toll-free telephone

numbers for a factory customer service

representative, in the division

responsible for this product, can be

found on the title page at the front of this

manual. Our ship to address and

general contact numbers are:

PCB Piezotronics, Inc.

3425 Walden Ave.

Depew, NY14043 USA

Toll-free: (800) 828-8840

24-hour SensorLineSM: (716) 684-0001

Website: www.pcb.com

E-mail: [email protected]

PCB工业监视和测量设备 - 中国RoHS2公布表

PCB Industrial Monitoring and Measuring Equipment - China RoHS 2 Disclosure Table

部件名称

有害物质

铅(Pb)

汞

(Hg)

镉

(Cd)

六价铬(Cr(VI))

多溴联苯 (PBB)

多溴二苯醚(PBDE)

住房

PCB板

电气连接器

压电晶体

环氧

铁氟龙

电子

厚膜基板

电线

电缆

塑料

焊接

铜合金/黄铜

本表格依据 SJ/T 11364 的规定编制。

O：表示该有害物质在该部件所有均质材料中的含量均在 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求以下。

X：表示该有害物质至少在该部件的某一均质材料中的含量超出 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求。

铅是欧洲RoHS指令2011/65/ EU附件三和附件四目前由于允许的豁免。

CHINA RoHS COMPLIANCE

DOCUMENT NUMBER: 21354

DOCUMENT REVISION: D

ECN: 46162

Component Name

Hazardous Substances

Lead

(Pb)

Mercury

(Hg)

Cadmium

(Cd)

Chromium VI

Compounds

(Cr(VI))

Polybrominated

Biphenyls

(PBB)

Polybrominated

Diphenyl

Ethers (PBDE)

Housing

PCB Board

Electrical

Connectors

Piezoelectric

Crystals

Epoxy

Teflon

Electronics

Thick Film

Substrate

Wires

Cables

Plastic

Solder

Copper Alloy/Brass

This table is prepared in accordance with the provisions of SJ/T 11364.

O: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part is below the limit

requirement of GB/T 26572.

X: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials for this part is above

the limit requirement of GB/T 26572.

Lead is present due to allowed exemption in Annex III or Annex IV of the European RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU.

PRODUCT GUIDE

377 SERIES MICROPHONES

426 SERIES PREAMPLIFIERS

Contents:

1.0 Introduction................................................................................ 1

2.0 Standards.................................................................................... 1

3.0 Setting up a Microphone Measurement System ........................ 1

4.0 Taking Measurements................................................................ 2

5.0 Accessories................................................................................. 3

6.0 Maintenance............................................................................... 4

7.0 Calibration.................................................................................. 4

8.0 Warranty and Service................................................................. 5

1.0 Introduction

Thank you for your purchase of a PCB high quality microphone. These microphones offer highly accurate

and reliable acoustic measurements and are typically used in research and design applications. They are

accurate enough for laboratory usage, yet rugged enough for field-testing.

Sound within the typical 20 to 20,000 Hz audible range of a healthy human ear can either be pleasing to

the ear, as in music, or unpleasant (or harmful), as in noise. As a result, many applications, from the de-

velopment of consumer products to research in acoustics, measure sound, even sound outside the range of

human hearing. The instrument typically used to measure sound is the microphone, which is designed,

like the human ear, to transform pressure oscillations into a corresponding voltage oscillation.

2.0 Standards

Before selecting an acoustical instrument, it is important to identify which acoustical standards are appro-

priate for the application in which the instrument will be used. Whether for legal purposes or for quality

assurance programs, these standards will help determine the required quality, accuracy and consistency of

the instrument. Standards that correspond to the performance requirements, dimensions and characteris-

tics of acoustical components are established for microphones, sound level meters, calibrators, or other

related components. The most common organizations producing these standards are the American Na-

tional Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC 1094-4

establishes specifications for the mechanical dimensions and certain electroacoustic characteristics for

standard industrial microphones. The performance specification sheet supplied with each PCB micro-

phone identifies the standards to which the microphone is compliant.

3.0 Setting up a Microphone Measurement System

After the proper microphone has been selected, the corresponding preamplifier, cabling, power supplies,

signal conditioning and data acquisition selections are ready to be installed. Not all of these components

are required for all test set-ups. The figures below show typical set-ups for externally polarized and pre-

polarized microphone systems.

A prepolarized microphone can be used with a standard Microphone Power Supply designed for external-

ly polarized microphones, and its preamplifier, provided the supply voltage is set to zero.

Phantom powered microphone systems use a 3 pin XLR connector. A phantom powered microphone sys-

tem should use a 48V phantom power supply or signal conditioner for optimum performance; however

these microphone systems may be powered with a 24V or a 12V phantom power supply, but this will lim-

it the maximum output voltage.

Externally Polarized Microphone System

Prepolarized Microphone System

Phantom Powered Microphone System

The phantom powered preamp may be used with either a ¼’’ or a ½’’ microphone cartridge by using the

adapter provided. All IEC 61094-4 compliant microphones can be used with the phantom powered pre-

amp.

Adapters for Phantom Powered Preamp

4.0 Taking Measurements

The following formula is used to calculate the pressure measured by the microphone from the output volt-

age signal. The sensitivity of a microphone is typically measured at 250 Hz.

Pressure (Pa) = Voltage (mV) / Sensitivity (mV/Pa).

The lowest amplitude a healthy human ear can detect is 20 millionths of a Pascal (20Pa). Another scale

more commonly used to describe sound pressure level is the decibel (dB). To convert the output voltage

signal (measured in Vrms) to sound pressure level (measured in decibels), use the following formula:

SPL

ref

rms 

























Log20

where S is the sensitivity of the microphone in mV/Pa, and Pref is the reference pressure in air, which is

20 x 10-6 Pa. The decibel scale is logarithmic and more closely matches the response reactions of the

human ear to the pressure fluctuations. Some examples of typical sound pressure levels are shown in the

table below.

Pressure

Example

0.00002 Pa

Threshold of Hearing

0.02 Pa

Business Office

0.2 Pa

Shop Noise

1 Pa

Large Truck

100

2 Pa

Jackhammer

120

20 Pa

Airplane Take-Off

140

200 Pa

Threshold of Pain

At very high-pressure amplitudes, the microphone’s diaphragm will start to distort the measured sound

pressure. The maximum rated sound pressure level of a microphone is expressed as the amplitude at

which the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) reaches a specified amount, typically 3% THD. It is im-

portant to note that the highest sound pressure level that can be measured with a microphone system may

be limited by other parts of the system, such as the preamplifier, signal conditioner, or instrumentation.

Conversely, the Cartridge Thermal Noise (CTN) specification provides the lowest measurable sound pres-

sure level that can be detected above the electrical noise inherent within the microphone.

Temperature and pressure will affect the sensitivity of a microphone but these effects can be accounted

for by adjusting the recorded microphone values using the coefficients specified for each microphone

model. Simply calculate the difference in temperature and ambient pressure from those recorded during

calibration and multiply this value by the proper coefficient to determine the sensitivity offset. In most

cases, the offset will be very small and is therefore unnecessary.

5.0 Accessories

Transducer Electronics Data Sheet (TEDS)

Preamplifiers can incorporate TEDS devices, which have a built in read/write memory that contains rele-

vant information about the sensor and its use. Information includes manufacturer name, model number,

serial number, sensitivity, etc. The operation of TEDS devices is defined by IEEE P1451.4. A TEDS mi-

crophone system includes a microphone mated with a preamplifier that contains the TEDS memory pro-

grammed with both the microphone and preamplifier information. This is particularly helpful when using

large channel count systems and array set-up.

A-Weight Inline Filter

The inline filter is used in conjunction with an ICP®preamplifier to provide A-weighting for acoustical

measurements. The filter’s frequency response is weighted according to the A-weighting filter portion of

both ANSI S1.4 and IEC 60651 Type 1 Sound Level Meter Standards. ICP®signal conditioners of 4 mA

or greater are recommended when using inline filters.

Windscreens and Nose cones

Wind induced noise can be reduced by using a windscreen. This can offer some protection against dust

particles and mechanical damage. In the presence of high-speed airflow from a well-defined direction,

such as wind tunnels, a nose cone is recommended. When using windscreens and noise cones, the fre-

quency response of the microphone will be attenuated at higher frequencies.

Clamps and stands

When holding a microphone in place, it is important to minimize the influence of the stand on the sound

being measured. This can be accomplished by using low profile stands and clamps available from PCB.

Cables and Electronics

PCB carries LEMOcables as well as coaxial cables with BNC and 10-32 connectors. Traditional exter-

nally polarized microphone power supplies along with a variety of ICP®signal conditioners are available

that will fit almost any need.

6.0 Maintenance

Microphones are very stable over long periods of time, provided they are handled and stored properly.

The microphone contains fragile components that can be damaged by misuse, in particular the diaphragm,

which is made up of a very thin proprietary material and should be kept clean of dust, dirt, moisture and

free any type of imperfection (scratch, dent, etc.).

The microphone’s grid cap is designed to let the true sound pressure level through to the diaphragm while

preventing items from coming in contact with it. We do not recommend that you ever remove the grid cap

or clean the microphone. If you take the precautionary measures to keep the microphone clean and dry, it

should not be necessary. Use of accessories, like windscreens, and desiccants will help keep moisture off

the microphone and maintain the specified sensitivity level. Nose cones will help keep turbulence off the

microphone diaphragm and allow the sound pressure to be measured with greater accuracy.

Keep the microphone and preamplifier assembled while preparing for testing. Keep the rubber mainte-

nance caps on the preamplifier’s electrical connector only. Do not place these rubber caps over the micro-

phone. This will create a vacuum and undo pressure on the microphone diaphragm, which can stretch the

diaphragm and cause a change in sensitivity. Store the microphones and preamplifiers in their protective

cases when not in use. With proper maintenance, the microphone and preamplifier should provide stable

and accurate results for years to come.

Dust, rain, oil, moisture or exposure to extreme temperatures may adversely affect the microphone and

preamplifier’s performance. If the microphone or the inside of the connection area of the preamplifier be-

comes contaminated, use a light pressure rubber bulb to gently blow clean, dry air onto the unit in order to

remove the dust. In the event that you absolutely must take off the grid cap and clean the microphone dia-

phragm, we recommend using a blow bulb or a light pressure, clean and dry air hose to gently blow con-

tamination off the diaphragm. The direction of the air should be parallel with the diaphragm, not directly

(0 degree incidence) pointed at the diaphragm. Do not touch the microphone’s diaphragm with your fin-

gers or let it come in contact with any sharp or pointed object. Please note that any contact to the micro-

phone’s diaphragm can negatively impact the sensitivity and long term stability of the microphone.

If the microphone is ever dropped or comes into contact with any contamination, or is exposed to extreme

temperatures, we recommend immediate recalibration of the microphone. Please note that heat from your

hands can affect the calibration results. It is always good practice to wait a minimum of 30 seconds after

placing the microphone on a test system before taking a calibration reading in order to minimize the effect

that heat from your hands has on the calibration.

7.0 Calibration

PCB offers recalibration services for our precision microphones, as well as units produced by other A2LA

manufacturers. Our internal metrology laboratory is certified to ISO 9001, accredited by A2LA to AN-

SI/IEC 17025 and ANSI/NCSL Z540-1, complies with ISO 10012-1 (and former MIL-STD-45662A), and

uses equipment directly traceable to one or more of the following National Labs (NIST, PTB or DFM).

Our investment in equipment, traceability and conformance to industry standards ensures accurate calibra-

tion against relevant specifications. We also carry a line of acoustic calibrators that can be used to cali-

brate microphone sensitivity on site as needed.

Hand calibration of sensitivity for most prepolarized microphones may be performed with a Larson Davis

CAL250 or CAL200 (or equivalent). The CAL250 produces 114 dB SPL at 251.2 Hz. The CAL 200

produces either 94 dB or 114 dB (user selectable) at 1000 Hz. Note that both the CAL250 and CAL 200

are compliant with ANSI S1.40-2006, Specifications and Verification Procedures for Sound Calibrators,

Class1 and IEC 60942-2003, Class 1, Sound Calibrators.

8.0 Warranty and Service

All equipment and repair services provided by PCB Piezotronics, Inc. are covered by a warranty against

defective material and workmanship under a Total Customer Satisfaction policy. If, at any time, for any

reason, you are not completely satisfied with any PCB product, PCB will repair, replace, or exchange it at

no charge. You may also choose to have your purchase price refunded. See the supplemental sheet, con-

tained with this manual, for information on our service, repair and return policies, procedures and instruc-

tions. When unexpected problems arise, call our 24-Hour SensorLineSM (716-684-0001) to speak with an

Application Engineer. Visit www.pcb.com for a complete statement of our warranty.

3425 Walden Avenue, Depew, NY 14043-2495 24-hour SensorLineSM: 716-684-0001

E-Mail: [email protected] U.S.A. Fax: 716-684-0987

Website: www.pcb.com Toll-free (in the U.S.A.): 800-828-8840

A PCB GROUP COMPANY ISO 9001 CERTIFIED A2LA ACCREDITED to ISO 17025

2014 PCB Group, Inc. In the interest of constant product improvement, specifications are subject to change without notice.

PCB and ICP are registered trademarks of PCB Group, Inc. Sensor Line is a service mark of PCB Group, Inc. All other trade-

marks are properties of the respective owners.

Manual Number: 27042

Manual Revision: E

ECO 46576

Printed in the U.S.A.

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