Philips P817 00/01 Handbuch

PHILIPS

DIRECTIONS FOR USE

UNIVERSAL

MEASURING INSTRUMENT

P 817 00/01

66 580 33-3-120 1/361

CONTENTS

APPLICATIONS 3

ELECTRICAL DATA 3

Protection 3

TRANSPORT 5

ACCESSORIES 5

MAINTENANCE 5

OPERATION 5

Zero Setting 5

Measuring 6

A. Direct voltage 6

B. Direct Current 6

C. Alternating voltage 7

D. Alternating Current 7

E. Resistance 7

Db-Scale 7

REPLACEMENT OF BATTERIES 8

SOME EXAMPLES OF MEASUREMENTS 8

A’. Direct-voltage measurements 8

B’. D.C. Measurements 8

C’. A.C. Measurements 9

METER CIRCUITS FOR THE VARIOUS MEASURING

RANGES 9

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS 10

RECOMMENDED BATTERIES 11

APPLICATIONS

Between 50 and 70%of all electrical faults occurring in a radio receiver or

amplifier are such that they can he easily traced by measurements, for

which particularly the PHILIPS Universal Measuring Instrument P 817

00/01 is eminently suitable.

It is the ideal measuring instrument for use in the smaller repair shops or at

the customer's home, owing to its small dimensions and to the fact it does

not require any mains supply.

The following measurements can be carried out with the meter:

a. direct and alternating voltages from 0 to 1200 V;

b. direct and alternating currents from 0 to 3 A;

c. resistances from 0 to 10 MΩ

ELECTRICAL DATA

The voltage loss and the current consumption as given in the table at page 4

apply to full deflection; at less deflection these values are proportionally

lower. All current and voltage scales are linear. For alternating-current and

alternating-voltage measurements the reading remains accurate throughout

the frequency range 30 10,000 c/s, with the exception of the measuring

range of 1200 V, for which the upper accuracy limit lies at 5,000 c/s.

The A.C. and alternating-voltage ranges have been calibrated for a purely

sinusoidal signal. Although the meter can, if necessary, be used standing

upright, it measures more accurately lying down (see also page 5, under

"zero setting").

PROTECTION

For all commonly used

measuring ranges the

galvanometer can stand

overloading for a short

time. This does not hold,,

however, if the knob Sk2 is

set to the very sensitive

position "60mV"; in this

position the protection is

cut out and the meter

cannot stand overload any

longer. The maximum

current is 30 µA.

Measurement

Measuring

range

Position

Of Sk1

Position

Of Sk2

Scale

Current

consumption

or voltage

loss at full

deflection

Sensitivity

0 –60 mV

Any

position

60 mV *

33,300

Ω/V

0 –3 V

0 –12 V

0 –30 V

0 –120 V

0 –300 V

0 -1200 V

3 V

12 V

30 V

120 V

300 V

1200 V

30 µA

25 µA

40,000

Ω/V

0 –30 µA

Any

position

60 mV *

60 mV

0 –120 µA

0 –600 µA

0 –6 mA

0 –60 mA

0 –600 Ma

0 –3 A

0.12 mA

0.6 mA

6 mA

60 mA

600 mA

3 A

285 mV

345 mV

360 mV

400 mV

580 mV

V ~

0 –3V

0 –12 V

0 –30 V

0 –120 V

0 –300 V

0 –1200 V

3 V

12 V

30 V

120 V

300 V

1200 V

5 Ma

600 µA

1666 Ω/V

I ~

0 - 600 µA

0 –6 mA

0 –60 mA

0 –600 mA

0 –3 A

0.6 mA

6 mA

60 mA

600 mA

3 A

0 –1000 Ω

0 –100 kΩ

0 –10 MΩ

Any

position

X 1 Ω

X 100 Ω

X 10 kΩ

83 mA

0.8 mA

0.a3 mA

Centre-scale

Value

18 Ω

1800 Ω

180,000 Ω

TRANSPORT

The right-hand knob (Sk2) is provided with a green dot.

Whenever the instrument is transported, set this knob to the position marked

with the green dot. In this position the galvanometer is short-circuited.

The same precaution should he taken when the meter is to be sent to the

repair shop.

ACCESSORIES (available on order)

1 pair of universal plugs, type P 995 00;

1 pair of measuring flexes, type P 997 04, complete with probe pins;

1 leather bag with carrying straps, type P 997 05;

1 transistor tester, type P 997 09;

1 step down transformer (300/3 Amps, 2 ½ VA, class 1, type

P 997 10.

MAINTENANCE

The inside of the window in the front panel of the universal meter is coated

with a colourless liquid having antistatic properties, to prevent static

charges, which may affect the position of the pointer and attract dust. This

side of the window must not be rubbed with a cloth or anything similar,

since otherwise the inside will become dull and the antistatic effect will be

lost.

OPERATION

The position of knobs and sockets is shown in Fig. 1.

ZERO SETTING

Before starting measurements, it is recommended to check and, if

necessary, to correct the zero settings as follows:

a. for the current/voltage scale (A V), mechanically with the set screw

"St";

b. for the resistance scale (Ω), with knob "R", with sockets + and - short-

circuited (see also point E at page 7).

Remark concerning the zero adjustment

Turning over a meter that has been checked for use in the flat position to

the upright position (or the reverse) may result in a difference

of one scale division in the deflection of the pointer at any point on the 0 -

12 V scale; it is therefore necessary always to check the zero adjustment

again and, if necessary, to correct it.

MEASURING

A. Direct voltage (A V scale)

1. Set knob Sk2to position " ".

2. Set knob Sk1to position "1200 V" (highest voltage range, to prevent

overloading) and connect the measuring leads to the sockets + and –.

3. Now connect the measuring leads to the voltage source to be measured

and set knob Sk1to that measuring position that is most suitable to

provide an accurate reading of the voltage in question.

If the direct voltage in question has a maximum value of .60 mV, knob

Sk2 may be put in position "60 mV ". (Sk1may have any position;

the meter protection is cut off!)

B. Direct current (A V scale)

1. Set knob Sk2to position " ".

2. Set knob Sk1to position "3 A" (highest current range to prevent

damage to the meter due to the selection of too low a range) and

connect the measuring leads to the sockets + and -.

3. Subsequently connect the measuring leads to the current circuit to be

measured and then set knob Sk1in that measuring position that is most

suitable to provide an accurate reading of the current in question.

If the direct current has a value of maximum 30 µA, knob Sk2may be

put in position "60 mV ". (The position of Sk1is unimportant; the

meter protection is cut off!)

C Alternating voltage (A V scale)

1. Set knob Sk2to position "~".

2. Set knob Sk1to position "1200 V" (highest voltage range to prevent

overloading) and connect the measuring leads to the sockets + and -.

3. Subsequently connect the measuring leads to the voltage source to be

measured and then set knob Sk1to that measuring position that is most

suitable to provide an accurate reading of the voltage in question.

D. Alternating current (A V scale)

1. Set knob Sk2to position "~".

2. Set knob Sk1to position "3 A" (highest current range, to

prevent damage to the meter) and connect the measuring

leads to the sockets + and -.

3. Now connect the measuring leads to the current circuit to

be measured and then set knob Sk1that measuring

position that is most suitable to provide an accurate

reading of the current in question.

E. Resistance (Ω scale)

1. Select the appropriate resistance range with knob Sk2(x 1

Ω, x 100 Ω or x 10 kΩ); knob Sk1may be in any position.

2. Connect the measuring leads to the sockets + and - and

short-circuit the free ends of these leads.

3. Check the zero setting of the indicator (to the right on the

scale) and, if necessary, correct with knob R. if it is found

impossible to adjust the indicator to 0 Ω, this means that

the batteries are runned down and have to be replaced (see

under REPLACEMENT OF BATTERIES).

4. Now connect the ends of the measuring leads to the

resistor to be measured.

5. After switching over to another resistance range the

measuring leads must always be short-circuited and the

indicator set to exactly 0 Ω.

Note: When measuring a resistor within an apparatus, make sure that the

resistor is disconnected from impedances or voltages.

dB SCALE The dB scale is based on the use of the measuring. range 0

- 3 V. The zero level is fixed at 0.775 V, which corresponds to 1 mW across

600 Ω. In the case of a greater measuring range, the dB value can be

determined if the value read from the dB scale is increased by 12 dB for the

range 0 - 12 V, 20 dB for 0 - 30 V, 32 db for 0 - 120 V, 40 db for 0-300 V

and 52 db for 0 - 1200 V.

REPLACEMENT OF BATTERIES

Place the meter upright on a table, loosen the two screws in the cover plate

(at the rear) three-quarter turn and remove the cover plate (by Aiding it

upwards a little and then pulling it forward).

The batteries can now be removed from the meter casing (if necessary, the

smallest with the aid of a thin screwdriver) and replaced by fresh ones?

Make sure that the + terminals of the batteries make contact with the contact

springs marked + in the meter casing.

Finally refit the cover plate.

Remark: When replacing batteries, never use the so-called leak-proof

type, as the steel jackets of this batteries influence the deflection of the

needle of the measuring instrument.

SOME EXAMPLES OF MEASUREMENTS

A'. Direct-voltage measurements

For measuring direct voltages in a receiver or amplifier, the negative side of

the meter must be connected to the negative pole of the voltage. The

measuring probe at the positive side of the meter is brought into contact

with the points to be measured, e.g. with the electrodes of the valves (anode

and screen-grid voltages) or with the electrolytic capacitors in the

smoothing circuit.

B'. D.C. Measurements

The anode current of an output valve can be measured very conveniently by

placing the two probes on the primary terminals of the output transformer.

As the internal resistance of the meter is low compared with the ohmic

resistance of the primary of the output transformer, the anode current will

flow through the meter and not through the transformer.

For checking the operation of an oscillator valve, the current through the

grid-leak resistor is measured. To "do this, disconnect the junction at the

"earthed" side of this resistor and connect the probe of the meter to the

resistor and the + probe to the cathode of the oscillator valve.

If the grid current of an oscillator valve is e.g. 200 µA, a clear reading can

be obtained in the 0.6 mA range.

C’. Alternating-voltage measurements

The alternating-voltage ranges are mainly used for measuring the L.F.

output voltage of some apparatus, or for examining the voltages of the

mains transformer, etc.

D'. A.C. Measurements

It is sometimes desired to measure the current consumption of some

apparatus. To do this, incorporate the meter in one of the leads of the mains-

voltage circuit. The power consumption in watts is then found by

multiplying the measured current by the voltage, provided that the apparatus

presents an ohmic resistance.

Where transformers are concerned, there is always a self-inductance, so that

the number of VA has to be multiplied by the power factor (cosφ), which as

a rule amounts to 0.80 - 0.85 for radio receivers.

METER CIRCUITS FOR THE VARIOUS

MEASURING RANGES

In the diagrams on pages 10 and 11 the circuit diagram of the meter is

always completely shown; the fat-printed lines represent the circuit

operative for the measuring range in question.

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