PP Systems CIRAS-2 Bedienungsanleitung

CIRAS-2

Portable Photosynthesis System

Operator‟s Manual

Version 2.04

For Remote Control Software (RCS) Version 1.07 or greater.

12th May 2010

PP Systems, Inc.

110 Haverhill Road, Suite 301

Amesbury, MA 01913 U.S.A.

Tel: +1 978 834-0505

Fax: +1 978 834-0545

Email: support@ppsystems.com

Web Site: http://www.ppsystems.com

This page is left intentionally blank.

Table of Contents

CIRAS-2 Operator's Manual Version 2.04

- 1 -

Table of Contents

Table of Contents..........................................................................................................1

Preface.........................................................................................................................10

Notice.........................................................................................................................10

Documentation Conventions......................................................................................10

User Registration........................................................................................................10

Service & Warranty....................................................................................................11

Contact Information....................................................................................................11

Unpacking Your Equipment........................................................................................11

CIRAS-2 Essentials .....................................................................................................12

Before Powering On and Operating the System ........................................................12

Important Precautions................................................................................................12

Getting Started ............................................................................................................13

Installing CIRAS-2 Remote Control Software on your computer................................14

Avoiding UI-to-PC Communication Errors..................................................................14

Click ? at any time for On-line help..........................................................................17

Preparations for Use...................................................................................................18

Step 1. Insert 12V NiMH battery packs into main console ........................................18

Step 2. Connect CIRAS-2 power supply...................................................................18

Step 3. Make Leaf Cuvette electrical and gas connections.......................................19

CIRAS-2 gas/electrical connection panel –detailed view....................................................................19

Step 4. Connect leaf cuvette power cable to external 12V DC Power Supply ..........20

Step 5. Inspect absorber columns and water vapor equilibrator ...............................20

CIRAS-2 Console - Front Layout .........................................................................................................21

Step 6. Insert CO2cartridge......................................................................................21

CO2 Holder and Regulator Assembly...................................................................................................22

Step 7. Connect CIRAS-2/PC interface cable...........................................................22

Step 8. Power on CIRAS-2........................................................................................23

Step 9. Close the leaf cuvette ...................................................................................24

Step 10. Start CIRAS-2 RCS program on your computer .........................................24

Familiarizing Yourself with the Measurement Display.............................................25

LED Tuning................................................................................................................25

Gas Exchange Measurement Screen ........................................................................26

Data Display and Control Values ...............................................................................26

Control Setpoints..................................................................................................................................26

Measured Parameters .........................................................................................................................27

Calculated Variables............................................................................................................................27

Display Toggle .....................................................................................................................................27

Graph Display Options...............................................................................................28

Plot Type Toggle..................................................................................................................................28

Current Y Axis Variable........................................................................................................................28

Status Bar ..................................................................................................................28

Errors and Warnings............................................................................................................................28

CIRAS-2 Status....................................................................................................................................28

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CIRAS-2 Operator's Manual Version 2.04

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CIRAS-2 Mode.....................................................................................................................................28

Power Status........................................................................................................................................28

CIRAS-2 Power....................................................................................................................................29

Power Source.......................................................................................................................................29

Left and Right Battery Power Status....................................................................................................29

CIRAS RCS Menu Bar .................................................................................................30

File Menu ...................................................................................................................30

Recalculate Data..................................................................................................................................30

Export Data..........................................................................................................................................30

View Diagnostics Report......................................................................................................................30

Connections Menu.....................................................................................................30

Login ....................................................................................................................................................30

Connect................................................................................................................................................31

Disconnect ...........................................................................................................................................31

Connect Add-On..................................................................................................................................31

Com Port..............................................................................................................................................31

Setup Menu................................................................................................................31

Settings................................................................................................................................................31

View Setup Details...............................................................................................................................32

Graphing ..............................................................................................................................................32

Preferences......................................................................................................................................32

Reset................................................................................................................................................32

Utilities Menu..............................................................................................................32

Zero......................................................................................................................................................32

Diff Bal..................................................................................................................................................33

Measure [Quit]......................................................................................................................................33

Initialise................................................................................................................................................33

Pulse Alarm..........................................................................................................................................34

Simultaneous Measurements With CIRAS-2 and FMS2..................................................................34

Diagnostics...........................................................................................................................................34

Stored Diff Bal......................................................................................................................................35

Calibration............................................................................................................................................35

Calibration Check.................................................................................................................................35

Calibration Reset..................................................................................................................................35

CO2 Midpoint.......................................................................................................................................35

Max C Determination...........................................................................................................................36

LED Tuning..........................................................................................................................................36

CIRAS Recording.................................................................................................................................36

Recording Menu.........................................................................................................36

Begin....................................................................................................................................................37

End.......................................................................................................................................................37

Start (Steady).......................................................................................................................................37

Pause...................................................................................................................................................37

Single Record.......................................................................................................................................37

Multiple Record....................................................................................................................................38

Comment/Treatment............................................................................................................................38

Response Level ...................................................................................................................................38

Plugin Record.......................................................................................................................................38

View Menu .................................................................................................................38

Quick Info.............................................................................................................................................38

Update Parameters..............................................................................................................................39

Errors ...................................................................................................................................................39

Warnings..............................................................................................................................................39

Time Plot..............................................................................................................................................39

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CIRAS-2 Operator's Manual Version 2.04

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Data Plot ..............................................................................................................................................39

Battery Status.......................................................................................................................................39

Help Menu..................................................................................................................40

Help......................................................................................................................................................40

About....................................................................................................................................................40

Diagnostics...........................................................................................................................................40

Calibration & Stored Diff Bal ................................................................................................................40

Recording.............................................................................................................................................40

Closed Systems...................................................................................................................................40

Add-On Modules..................................................................................................................................40

About CIRAS........................................................................................................................................40

System Setup and Operation .....................................................................................41

Set File Options.........................................................................................................41

Set Entry Name....................................................................................................................................41

Edit Entry Name...................................................................................................................................41

Add Entry .............................................................................................................................................42

Delete Entry .........................................................................................................................................42

Recording Options ...............................................................................................................................42

Graphing Options.................................................................................................................................42

PRM File Options.......................................................................................................42

PRM Entry Name.................................................................................................................................42

Edit Entry Name...................................................................................................................................42

Add Entry .............................................................................................................................................42

Delete Entry .........................................................................................................................................43

Accessory.............................................................................................................................................43

Add Custom Accessory........................................................................................................................44

Light Type ............................................................................................................................................45

Leaf Temperature (Tleaf).......................................................................................................................45

Leaf Temperature Determination: Explanations..................................................................................45

Energy Balance................................................................................................................................45

Thermistor........................................................................................................................................46

Direct Leaf Temperature Measurement - Common Problems.........................................................46

Infrared (IR)......................................................................................................................................46

Leaf Area..............................................................................................................................................46

Boundary Layer Resistance.................................................................................................................47

Percent of Stomata on Upper Leaf Surface.........................................................................................47

Zero/Diff Bal Mode...............................................................................................................................47

Manual with Warnings......................................................................................................................47

Automatic .........................................................................................................................................47

Auto Zero with Stored Diff Bal..........................................................................................................47

Manual Without Warnings................................................................................................................47

Choice of Zero Mode –Recommendations .........................................................................................47

Changes in Zero Readings..................................................................................................................48

Analysis Flow.......................................................................................................................................49

Averaging Limit ....................................................................................................................................49

System Setup.............................................................................................................49

Probe Type...........................................................................................................................................49

Air Supply On ...................................................................................................................................49

Cuvette Flow.....................................................................................................................................49

Light Type [ _ ] .....................................................................................................................................49

PAR..................................................................................................................................................49

Energy Factor...................................................................................................................................49

Value ................................................................................................................................................49

Cuvette Environment..................................................................................................50

Control Types.......................................................................................................................................51

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CIRAS-2 Operator's Manual Version 2.04

- 4 -

CO2(0–2000 ppm) ...........................................................................................................................51

1. Supply (Ref) Approximate ppm ....................................................................................................51

2. Supply (Ref) Set ppm...................................................................................................................51

3. Cuvette (An) Set ppm...................................................................................................................51

About CO2Control Types.....................................................................................................................51

H2O (0-100% or 0 mb-Dewpoint).....................................................................................................51

1. Supply (Ref) % Ambient...............................................................................................................51

2. Supply (Ref) Set mb.....................................................................................................................51

3. Cuvette (An) % RH (vs. Leaf T)....................................................................................................51

4. Cuvette (An) Set mb (0-Dewpoint) ...............................................................................................52

5. Leaf to Cuvette VPD.....................................................................................................................52

About H2O Control Types.....................................................................................................................52

Determination of Actual Ambient RH................................................................................................52

PAR......................................................................................................................................................52

Cuvette Flow........................................................................................................................................52

Temperature ........................................................................................................................................53

Track Ambient..................................................................................................................................53

Entered Values.................................................................................................................................53

None.................................................................................................................................................53

Which Control Type Should I Use?......................................................................................................53

If performing a Light Response:.......................................................................................................53

If performing a basic CO2Response:...............................................................................................53

Customized Operation of CIRAS-2 with Ambient CO2.........................................................................53

Customized Operation of CIRAS-2 at Humidity Levels Above Ambient..............................................54

CIRAS-2 Time............................................................................................................54

Analog Outputs ..........................................................................................................54

CO2Analog Outputs.............................................................................................................................55

H2O Analog Outputs.............................................................................................................................55

Examples of Analog Outputs ...............................................................................................................55

Automatically Update CIRAS .....................................................................................56

Graphing Preferences.................................................................................................57

Time Plot....................................................................................................................57

Select Variables...................................................................................................................................57

Font Size..............................................................................................................................................57

Time Plot Details..................................................................................................................................58

Select Variable to Edit..........................................................................................................................58

Time Span............................................................................................................................................58

Data Plot ....................................................................................................................58

Shown Variable on Y Axis....................................................................................................................58

Observing and Recording Leaf Gas Exchange ........................................................59

Checking the System with an Empty Cuvette.............................................................59

Select Recording Options...........................................................................................60

Treatment Editor..................................................................................................................................61

Treatment Groups............................................................................................................................61

Treatment Items...............................................................................................................................61

Recording Mode...................................................................................................................................62

Placing the Leaf in the Cuvette ..................................................................................63

Keypress Recording...................................................................................................65

Timed Recording........................................................................................................66

Settle Time (Seconds) .........................................................................................................................67

Steady Pn Options ...............................................................................................................................67

Use Steady Pn..................................................................................................................................67

Steady Pn Value...............................................................................................................................67

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Recording at Pre-set Intervals .............................................................................................................67

Recording Block Options .....................................................................................................................67

Record Interval (seconds) ................................................................................................................67

Enable Recording Blocks .................................................................................................................68

Recording Blocks of Data at Pre-set Intervals.....................................................................................68

Suspending and Resuming Recording ................................................................................................68

Response Curve ........................................................................................................68

Editing Response Variable Values.......................................................................................................69

Editing All the Values in a Row.........................................................................................................69

Editing Groups of values ..................................................................................................................70

Editing Individual values...................................................................................................................70

Enabling Levels................................................................................................................................71

Recording Options ...............................................................................................................................72

Repeat..............................................................................................................................................72

Interval..............................................................................................................................................72

Zero Settle Time...............................................................................................................................72

Steady Pn Options............................................................................................................................73

Automatic Response........................................................................................................................73

Manual Response.............................................................................................................................73

PAR Type - Use Sensor...................................................................................................................73

CO2Control Type.............................................................................................................................73

H2O Control Type.............................................................................................................................73

Light Type.........................................................................................................................................73

Temperature Control........................................................................................................................73

Batch Response Curves.............................................................................................76

Enable Batch Response Levels...........................................................................................................76

Batch Level Options.............................................................................................................................76

Show Prompt....................................................................................................................................76

Force Zero and Automatic Settle......................................................................................................76

Repeat..............................................................................................................................................77

CIRAS Internal Recording..........................................................................................77

Enable Internal Recording....................................................................................................................78

Record Interval.....................................................................................................................................78

Apply Internal Recording......................................................................................................................78

Transfer Data.......................................................................................................................................78

Clear CIRAS Memory...........................................................................................................................78

Stored Diff Bal............................................................................................................78

Recalculate Data .........................................................................................................81

Processing Options....................................................................................................82

Recalculation Values..................................................................................................83

Information...........................................................................................................................................83

Options.................................................................................................................................................87

Load output File in Spreadsheet.......................................................................................................88

Load output File in Named Program ................................................................................................88

Export Data..........................................................................................................................................88

Options.............................................................................................................................................88

Include File Information....................................................................................................................89

Export Fields.....................................................................................................................................89

Options.............................................................................................................................................90

Transferring Data From CIRAS-2 to Your Computer................................................91

PCMCIA Card ......................................................................................................................................91

RS232 (Null Modem) Connection ........................................................................................................91

Establishing An ActiveSync Connection For Data Transfer from UI To PC.....................................91

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CIRAS-2 Operator's Manual Version 2.04

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ActiveSync® Communications Software....................................................................92

For Customers That Are Using The Integral PC (Pencentra)..............................................................93

For Customers That Are Using Our User Interface (UI) ......................................................................93

USB Connection...............................................................................................................................93

Installation of USB Drivers On Your PC...........................................................................................93

Establishing An ActiveSync Connection For Data Transfer from UI To PC.....................................94

Shutting Down the CIRAS-2 System..........................................................................95

Measuring Chlorophyll Fluorescence with the CFM................................................96

Getting Started with the CFM.....................................................................................96

Firmware & Software Requirements ..........................................................................96

Software Installation.............................................................................................................................96

Power Requirements..................................................................................................97

Leaf Cuvette Window.................................................................................................97

Replacing Cuvette Window..................................................................................................................97

Connecting the CFM to CIRAS-2...............................................................................98

Operation from External PC.................................................................................................................99

Stand-Alone Operation (User Interface) ............................................................................................100

CFM Operation ..........................................................................................................101

Default Adaptation....................................................................................................102

Dark Adaptation .................................................................................................................................102

Far Red Adaptation............................................................................................................................102

No Adaptation ....................................................................................................................................102

CFM Recording Options...........................................................................................102

Dark Period (Minutes)........................................................................................................................103

Prompt when „expired‟........................................................................................................................103

After Dark Adaptation, perform..........................................................................................................103

CFM Setup.........................................................................................................................................104

Recovery Period (seconds)................................................................................................................104

If Batch Response, Dark Adapt for each level...................................................................................104

When a CIRAS Record is taken, perform..........................................................................................105

If Response Curve, at end of level, perform ......................................................................................105

Complete CFM Recording with..........................................................................................................105

Save Trace Data................................................................................................................................105

Include „Pre‟ and „Post‟ Data ..............................................................................................................105

Calculation Options..................................................................................................105

Modulation Beam .....................................................................................................105

Enable Modulating Beam...................................................................................................................106

Mod. Level..........................................................................................................................................106

Gain....................................................................................................................................................106

Perform CFM Tuning .........................................................................................................................106

CFM Graphing Options ............................................................................................107

CFM Time Plot...................................................................................................................................107

CFM Data Plot....................................................................................................................................107

CIRAS-CFM Display...................................................................................................108

Recd.........................................................................................................................108

CFM Display Buttons................................................................................................109

CFM Tuning .............................................................................................................109

Recording Chlorophyll Fluorescence......................................................................111

Keypress Recording with CFM.................................................................................111

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Response Curve Recording with CFM.....................................................................115

CFM Output..............................................................................................................117

Calculation Error Codes...........................................................................................118

Brief Introduction to Chlorophyll Fluorescence.....................................................119

What is chlorophyll fluorescence?............................................................................119

Techniques for Measuring Chlorophyll Fluorescence. .............................................120

Common Fluorescence Measurements ...................................................................122

1. Fluorescence Induction Analysis (Kautsky Curve).........................................................................122

2. Quantum Efficiency of Photosystem II...........................................................................................124

Glossary of Fluorescence Terms.............................................................................125

Measuring Soil Respiration with CIRAS-2...............................................................127

Soil Respiration Measurement Display ....................................................................127

Prompt ...............................................................................................................................................127

Parameters ........................................................................................................................................127

Settings..............................................................................................................................................128

Soil Respiration Operational Settings.......................................................................128

Chamber Properties...........................................................................................................................129

Volume (cm3)..................................................................................................................................129

Area (cm2) ......................................................................................................................................129

System Type...................................................................................................................................129

Recording Parameters.......................................................................................................................129

CO2Change...................................................................................................................................129

Maximum Time...............................................................................................................................129

System Temperature......................................................................................................................129

Results............................................................................................................................................130

Data File.............................................................................................................................................130

Select File Mode.............................................................................................................................130

Treatment...........................................................................................................................................130

New Measurement.............................................................................................................................130

Graphing Options...............................................................................................................................130

Recording in Soil Respiration Mode.........................................................................131

Diagnostics................................................................................................................133

Analyser A/D Reads.................................................................................................133

Analyser Temperature (oC)................................................................................................................134

Atmospheric Pressure (mb)...............................................................................................................134

Pressure Difference (mb)...................................................................................................................134

Stored Zeros ......................................................................................................................................134

Reset Stored Zeros............................................................................................................................134

CO2Reference...................................................................................................................................134

CO2Analysis......................................................................................................................................134

H2O Reference...................................................................................................................................134

H2O Analysis......................................................................................................................................134

Valve Settings....................................................................................................................................134

Apply valves to Zero.......................................................................................................................134

Apply valves to Measure ................................................................................................................135

Apply valves to Diff/Bal...................................................................................................................135

Flows..................................................................................................................................................135

Reference.......................................................................................................................................135

Analysis..........................................................................................................................................135

Log An/Ref......................................................................................................................................135

Temperature & PLC State........................................................................................135

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CIRAS-2 Operator's Manual Version 2.04

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Temperature (oC)...............................................................................................................................135

Ambient ..........................................................................................................................................135

Blender...........................................................................................................................................135

Cuvette Air......................................................................................................................................136

Leaf/Sensor Base...........................................................................................................................136

Radiation Sensor................................................................................................................................136

Cuvette State .....................................................................................................................................136

Probe..................................................................................................................................................136

Apply…...............................................................................................................................................137

Flows........................................................................................................................137

Control [D/A].......................................................................................................................................137

Analyser Flows...................................................................................................................................137

Apply Analyser Flow Control..............................................................................................................138

Cuvette Air Supply..............................................................................................................................138

Forwarding Flow [A/D] / Cuvette Flow [A/D]...................................................................................138

Flow (mls/min)................................................................................................................................138

Flow Requested..............................................................................................................................138

Flow Measured...............................................................................................................................138

Control Setting................................................................................................................................138

Auto Cuvette ............................................................................................................138

Light Control.......................................................................................................................................138

Temperature Control..........................................................................................................................139

Apply Lamp 1 LEDs ...........................................................................................................................139

Batteries & Voltages.................................................................................................139

Board Voltage ....................................................................................................................................139

Cuvette Voltage..................................................................................................................................139

Left Battery Voltage............................................................................................................................139

Right Battery Voltage .........................................................................................................................140

Current Battery/Power Source...........................................................................................................140

Report ......................................................................................................................140

Quick Report......................................................................................................................................140

Extended Report................................................................................................................................140

Calibration .................................................................................................................143

External connections for CO2Calibrations...............................................................143

CO2calibrations using the internal standard......................................................................................143

CO2calibrations using a gas cylinder ................................................................................................143

H2O Calibration sources and connections................................................................144

PP Systems‟ Water Vapor Calibrator.................................................................................................144

Performing Calibrations............................................................................................145

Calibration Check.....................................................................................................145

Calibration Reset......................................................................................................147

CO2 Midpoint ...........................................................................................................147

Gas Connections for CO2Midpoint....................................................................................................147

Max C Determination................................................................................................149

Appendix 1. Cuvettes and Probes ..........................................................................151

Identification of Leaf Cuvette Types.........................................................................151

Leaf Cuvettes fitted with a FLAT GLASS WINDOW..........................................................................151

Leaf Cuvettes fitted with a PLASTIC HEMI-CYLINDER....................................................................151

CIRAS-2 Settings for Leaf Cuvettes and Probes .....................................................152

Appendix 2. CIRAS-2 Consumables and Spares...................................................153

Appendix 3. Photosynthesis Equations Used in CIRAS-2....................................155

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