Vapro 5520 Bedienungsanleitung
VAPRO®®
VAPOR PRESSURE OSMOMETER
MODEL 5520
USER’S MANUAL
M2468-4 rev B
Copy
© 1995-2004 Wescor, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United
States of America.
Wescor, Vapro, Optimol, Osmocoll and
Blow Clean are trademarks of Wescor, Inc.
Other trade names used in this manual
may be trademarks of their respective
owners, used here for information only.
The information in this manual may
change without prior notice.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 User’s Manual Overview ..............................7
1.2 Customer Service ....................................8
1.3 Vapro System Description .............................9
1.4 How the Vapro Works ...............................10
1.5 Controls and Features ...............................12
SECTION
2
GETTING STARTED
2.1 Instrument Setup Sequence ..........................17
2.2 Vapro Accessories ..................................18
2.3 Setting Up the Osmometer ...........................19
2.4 Micropipettor Information ............................22
2.5 Using Optimol®Osmolality Standards ................24
2.6 Using Osmocoll®HNL Serum Control .................26
2.7 Changing the Voltage Selector........................27
2.8 Changing Fuses ....................................28
SECTION
3
OPERATING THE VAPRO
OSMOMETER
3.1 Operation Overview .................................29
3.2 Loading Samples ...................................34
3.3 Cleaning the Sample Holder..........................39
3.4 Running the Clean Test ..............................40
3.5 Calibrating .........................................41
3.6 Standby or Waiting Periods ..........................43
3.7 SerialDataOutput ..................................44
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
4
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
4.1 Preventive Maintenance Overview ....................45
4.2 Removing the TC Head ..............................46
4.3 Cleaning the TC Head ...............................48
4.4 Reinstalling the TC Head ............................51
4.5 Equilibration After Cleaning ..........................53
4.6 Severe or Stubborn Contamination ....................54
SECTION
5
SOLVING PROBLEMS
5.1 Troubleshooting.....................................57
5.2 Common TC Head Problems .........................65
5.3 External Factors Affecting Precision ...................68
5.4 Deformed or Broken Thermocouple ...................69
APPENDIX A
Instrument Specifications ................................71
APPENDIX B
Accessories, Supplies, and Replacement Parts .............73
APPENDIX C
Theory of Operation .....................................75
APPENDIX D
Special Application Notes ................................81
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPENDIX E
Osmolality Standards ....................................91
APPENDIX F
Serial Data Output ......................................93
APPENDIX G
Setup Menu ......................................95
INDEX ...............................................97
v
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 User's Manual Overview
Thank you for purchasing the Vapro®vapor pressure osmometer.
You will find it to be a valuable investment and an important partner
in the laboratory.
The Vapro User’s Manual is your key to efficiently operating this
instrument. We recommend that you become thoroughly familiar
with the operation procedures and troubleshooting techniques
described in this manual.
Information is presented in a step-by-step format to demonstrate the
operation and care of the instrument from a first-time user’s point of
view. Once you become familiar with the operation of the Vapro
osmometer, the manual will help you maintain the instrument in a
high state of precision and reliability.
7
SPECIFICATION OF SAFE USE:
Using this instrument in a manner not specified by Wescor may
impair the safety protection designed into the equipment and may
lead to injury.
SAFE USE ENVIRONMENT:
This equipment is designed to be safely operated at 15 to 35 °C,
maximum relative humidity 80%.
FUSE: All fuses in this equipment are time-lag (Type T).
EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS FOUND ON EQUIPMENT:
Alternating Current (AC)
I Power On
O Power off
International Attention Symbol. Calls attention to important
information and instructions in the instruction manual.
˜
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.2 Customer Service
Wescor is ready to help resolve any difficulty with the operation or per-
formance of your Vapro osmometer. If you cannot solve a problem
using the procedures in this manual, please contact us.
Customers within the United States are encouraged to contact us
by telephone. Outside the U.S., many of our authorized dealers
offer complete customer service and support. Contact Wescor by
mail, telephone, or fax at the address and numbers listed below.
WESCOR, INC
459 South Main Street
Logan, Utah 84321-5294
USA
TELEPHONE
435 752 6011 Extension 0 - Operator
171 - Orders
172 - Service
TOLL FREE (U.S. and Canada)
800 453 2725 Extension 0 - Operator
171 - Orders
172 - Service
FAX
435 752 4127
E-MAIL:
service@wescor.com
WEB SITE:
www.wescor.com
8
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.3 Vapro System Description
The Vapro osmometer is an advanced electronic adaptation of the
hygrometric method of vapor pressure determination. The sensitive
thermocouple and sophisticated electronics provide the means to
measure the dew point temperature depression of a specimen with
resolution to 0.00031 °C (which equals 1 mmol/kg).
Vapor pressure and freezing point are among the colligative proper-
ties of a solution. Compared with pure solvent, these properties are
altered in proportion to the number of solute particles dissolved in
each kilogram of solvent (water in the case of biological solutions).
Thus, measuring either property is an indirect means of determining
solution concentration or osmolality.
The chief advantage of the vapor pressure method is that it does
not require alteration of the physical state of the specimen.
Concomitant benefits include:
•10 microliter sample size.
•Routine operation on micro samples of any biological solution,
including whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, and sweat, as well
as complex specimens such as tissue samples.
•None of the measurement artifacts that arise in freezing point
depression measurements due to elevated viscosity, particulate
matter, inhomogeneities, or other physical characteristics of the
sample.
•Superior reliability because the measurement involves minimal
mechanical complexity.
NOTE:
Vapro displays in Standard International (SI) units: mmol/kg. See Appendix E.
9
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.4 How the Vapro Works
A 10 microliter specimen is aspirated into a micropipettor tip. The
specimen is then inoculated into a solute-free paper disc in the
sample holder, whereupon the sample holder is pushed into the
instrument and the sample chamber is locked. Locking initiates the
automatic measurement sequence.
The sensing element is a fine-wire thermocouple hygrometer. This
is suspended in a unique, all-metal mount, which when joined with
the sample holder, forms a small chamber enclosing the specimen.
As vapor pressure equilibrates in the chamber airspace, the thermo-
couple senses the ambient air temperature, thus establishing the
reference point for the measurement. Under electronic control, the
thermocouple then seeks the dew point temperature within the
enclosed space, giving an output proportional to the differential tem-
perature.
The difference between the ambient temperature and the dew point
temperature is the dew point temperature depression–an explicit
function of solution vapor pressure.
Dew point temperature depression is measured with a resolution of
0.00031 °C. The microprocessor-controlled measurement cycle
requires 80 seconds.
Appendix C contains the theory of operation of the vapor pressure
osmometer.
10
Inhaltsverzeichnis
