ZyXEL Communications ADSL2+ 4-port Gateway P-660H-D Series Handbuch

P-662H-D Series

ADSL2+ 4-port Security Gateway

Support Notes

Version3.40

Mar. 2006

P-662H-D Series Support Notes

FAQ.................................................................................................................5

ZyNOS FAQ.................................................................................................5

1. What is ZyNOS?...................................................................................5

2. What’s Multilingual Embedded Web Configurator?...............................5

3. How do I access the P-662H-D Command Line Interface (CLI)?..........5

4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?...........................5

5. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client

program via LAN?.....................................................................................5

6. How do I restore P-662H-D configurations by using TFTP client

program via LAN?.....................................................................................6

7. What should I do if I forget the system password? ...............................6

8. How to use the Reset button?...............................................................6

9. What is SUA? When should I use SUA? ..............................................6

10. What is the difference between SUA and Full Feature NAT?.............7

11. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside

Internet? How can I do it?.........................................................................7

12. When do I need select Full Feature NAT?..........................................8

13. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?................................8

14. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support? .......................9

15. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?.......................................9

16. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?..................................9

Product FAQ...............................................................................................11

1. How can I manage P-662H-D?...........................................................11

2. What is the default password for Web Configurator?..........................11

3. What’s the difference between ‘Common User Account’ and

‘Administrator Account’?.........................................................................11

4. How do I know the P-662H-D's WAN IP address assigned by the ISP?

................................................................................................................11

5. What is the micro filter or splitter used for?.........................................11

6. The P-662H-D supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the difference

between them?.......................................................................................12

7. How do I know I am using PPPoE?....................................................12

8. Why does my provider use PPPoE?...................................................12

9. What is DDNS?...................................................................................12

10. When do I need DDNS service?.......................................................13

11. What is DDNS wildcard? Does the P-662H-D support DDNS wildcard?

................................................................................................................13

12. Can the P-662H-D's SUA handle IPSec packets sent by the IPSec

gateway? ................................................................................................13

13. How do I setup my P-662H-D for routing IPSec packets over SUA?13

14. What is Traffic Shaping?...................................................................14

15. Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-662H-D?.......................14

16. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) mean?.........................15

P-662H-D Series Support Notes

17. What do the ATM QoS Types (CBR, UBR, VBR-nRT, VBR-RT) mean?

................................................................................................................15

18. What is content filter?.......................................................................15

ADSL FAQ .................................................................................................17

1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems?....................................17

2. What is the expected throughput?......................................................17

3. What is the microfilter used for? .........................................................17

4. How do I know the ADSL line is up?...................................................17

5. How does the P-662H-D work on a noisy ADSL?...............................17

6. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based

multiplexing?...........................................................................................18

7. How do I know the details of my ADSL line statistics?........................18

8. What are the signaling pins of the ADSL connector?..........................18

9. What is triple play? .............................................................................18

Firewall FAQ .............................................................................................20

General...................................................................................................20

1. What is a network firewall?...................................................20

2. What makes P-662H-D secure?...........................................20

3. What are the basic types of firewalls?..................................20

4. What kind of firewall is the P-662H-D?.................................21

5. Why do you need a firewall when your router has packet

filtering and NAT built-in?.........................................................21

6. What is Denials of Service (DoS) attack?.............................21

7. What is Ping of Death attack?..............................................22

8. What is Teardrop attack? .....................................................22

9. What is SYN Flood attack?...................................................22

10. What is LAND attack? ........................................................22

11 What is Brute-force attack? .................................................23

12. What is IP Spoofing attack? ...............................................23

13. What are the default ACL firewall rules in P-662H-D?........23

Configuration ..........................................................................................23

1. How do I configure the firewall? ...........................................23

2. How do I prevent others from configuring my firewall?.........23

3. Why can't I configure my P-662H-D using Web

Configurator/Telnet over WAN? ...............................................24

4. Why can't I upload the firmware and configuration file using

FTP over WAN? .......................................................................25

Log and Alert ..........................................................................................26

1. When does the P-662H-D generate the firewall log?............26

2. What does the log show to us? ............................................26

3. How do I view the firewall log? .............................................26

4. When does the P-662H-D generate the firewall alert? .........27

5. What is the difference between the log and alert?................27

VPN FAQ ...................................................................................................28

P-662H-D Series Support Notes

General FAQ...........................................................................................28

1. What is VPN?.......................................................................28

2. Why do I need VPN?............................................................28

3. What are most common VPN protocols?..............................28

4. What is PPTP?.....................................................................28

5. What is L2TP?......................................................................29

6. What is IPSec?.....................................................................29

7. What secure protocols does IPSec support?........................29

8. What are the differences between 'Transport mode' and

'Tunnel mode’?.........................................................................29

9. What is SA?..........................................................................30

10. What is IKE?.......................................................................30

11. What is Pre-Shared Key?...................................................30

12. What are the differences between IKE and manual key VPN?

.................................................................................................30

13. What is Phase 1 ID for?......................................................30

14. What is FQDN? ..................................................................31

15. When should I use FQDN?.................................................31

Advanced FAQ .......................................................................................31

1. How do I configure VPN?.....................................................31

2. What kind of VPN protocols are supported on P-662H-D? 32

3. What types of encryption does P-662H-D VPN support?.....32

4. What types of authentication does P-662H-D VPN support?32

5. I am planning my P-662H-D VPN configuration. What do I

need to know?..........................................................................32

6. Does P-662H-D support dynamic secure gateway IP?.........33

7. What VPN gateway has been tested with P-662H-D

successfully?............................................................................33

8. What VPN software has been tested with P-662H-D

successfully? ...........................................................................34

11. How do I configure P-662H-D with NAT for internal servers?

.................................................................................................35

12. I am planning my P-662H-D behind a NAT router. What do I

need to know?..........................................................................35

13. How can I keep a tunnel alive?...........................................35

14. Single, Range, Subnet, which types of IP address do

P-662H-D support in VPN/IPSec?............................................36

15. Can P-662H-D support VPN passthrough?........................36

16. Can P-662H-D behave as a NAT router supporting IPSec

passthrough and an IPSec gateway simultaneously? ..............36

Application Notes.....................................................................................37

General Application Notes......................................................................37

1. Internet Access Using P-662H-D under Bridge mode ..........37

2. Internet Access Using P-662H-D under Routing mode ........39

P-662H-D Series Support Notes

3. Setup the P-662H-D as a DHCP Relay................................41

4. SUA Notes............................................................................42

5. Using Full Feature NAT........................................................51

6. Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS) .........................................63

7. Network Management Using SNMP.....................................65

8. Using syslog.........................................................................68

9. Using IP Alias.......................................................................68

10. Using IP Policy Routing......................................................70

11. Using Call Scheduling ........................................................74

12. Using IP Multicast...............................................................76

13. Using Bandwidth Management...........................................77

14. Using Zero-Configuration ...................................................80

15. How could I configure triple play on P-662H-D?.................83

16. How to configure packet filter on P-662H-D? .....................83

IPSEC VPN Application Notes................................................................87

1. How to use P-662H-D to build VPN Tunnel with another VPN

Gateway/ Software?.................................................................87

2. How to build a VPN between Secure Gateway with Dynamic

WAN IP Address?.....................................................................93

3. Configure NAT for internal servers.......................................95

4. VPN Routing between Branch Office through Headquarter..96

Support Tool...........................................................................................101

1. LAN/WAN Packet Trace ...................................................................101

Online Trace　.......................................................................101

Offline Trace　.......................................................................103

2. Firmware/Configurations Uploading and Downloading using TFTP..104

•Using TFTP client software...................................................104

•Using TFTP command on Windows NT................................105

•Using TFTP command on UNIX ...........................................105

3. Using FTP to Upload the Firmware and Configuration Files.............106

CI Command Reference.........................................................................109

P-662H-D Series Support Notes

FAQ

ZyNOS FAQ

1. What is ZyNOS?

ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System. It is the platform on

all Prestige routers that delivers network services and applications. It is

designed in a modular fashion so it is easy for developers to add new features.

New ZyNOS software upgrades can be easily downloaded from our FTP sites

as they become available.

2. What’s Multilingual Embedded Web Configurator?

Multilinggual Embedded Web Configurator means that it can display with 3

kinds of languanges: English, French, and German. By factory default it

displays with English, and you can change it in Web GUI.

3. How do I access the P-662H-D Command Line Interface (CLI)?

The Command Line Interface is for the Administrator use only, and it could be

accessed via telnet session or consol connection.

Note: It is protected by super password, ‘1234’ by factory default.

4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?

You can do this if you access the P-662H-D as Administrator. You can upload

the firmware and configuration file to Prestige from Web Condigurator, or using

FTP or TFTP client software. You CAN NOT upload the firmware and

configuration file via Telnet because the Telnet connection will be dropped

during uploading the firmware. Please do not power off the router right after the

FTP or TFTP uploading is finished, the router will upload the firmware to its

flash at this moment.

Note: There may be firmware that could not be upgraded from Web

Configurator. In this case, ZyXEL will prepare special Upload Software

for you. Please read the firmware release note carefully when you want to

upload a new fireware.

5. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client

program via LAN?

The P-662H-D allows you to transfer the firmware to P-662H-D using TFTP

program via LAN. The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via TFTP is as follows.

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your P-662H-D.

P-662H-D Series Support Notes

b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' to disable Stdio idle timeout

c. To upgrade firmware, use TFTP client program to put firmware in file

'ras' in the Prestige. After data transfer is finished, the P-662H-D will

program the upgraded firmware into FLASH ROM and reboot itself.

d. To backup your firmware, use the TFTP client program to get file 'ras'

from the Prestige.

6. How do I restore P-662H-D configurations by using TFTP client

program via LAN?

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your P-662H-D.

b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' disable Stdio idle timeout

c. To backup the P-662H-D configurations, use TFTP client program to

get file 'rom-0' from the P-662H-D.

d. To restore the P-662H-D configurations, use the TFTP client program to

put your configuration in file rom-0 in the P-662H-D.

7. What should I do if I forget the system password?

In case you forget the system password, you can erase the current

configuration and restore factory defaults this way:

Use the RESET button on the rear panel of P-662H-D to reset the router. After

the router is reset, the LAN IP address will be reset to '192.168.1.1', the

common user password will be reset to 'user', the Administrator password will

be reset to ‘1234’.

8. How to use the Reset button?

a. Turn your P-662H-D on. Make sure the POWER led is on (not blinking)

b. Press the RESET button for longer than one second and shorter than

five seconds and release it. If the POWER LED begins to blink, the

P-662H-D’s wireless auto security function-OTIST has been enabled.

c. Press the RESET button for six seconds and release it. If the POWER

LED begins to blink, the default configuration have been restored and

the P-662H-D restarts.

9. What is SUA? When should I use SUA?

SUA (Single User Account) is a unique feature supported by Prestige router

which allows multiple people to access Internet concurrently for the cost of a

single user account.

When Prestige acting as SUA receives a packet from a local client destined for

the outside Internet, it replaces the source address in the IP packet header

P-662H-D Series Support Notes

with its own address and the source port in the TCP or UDP header with

another value chosen out of a local pool. It then recomputes the appropriate

header checksums and forwards the packet to the Internet as if it is originated

from Prestige using the IP address assigned by ISP. When reply packets from

the external Internet are received by Prestige, the original IP source address

and TCP/UDP source port numbers are written into the destination fields of the

packet (since it is now moving in the opposite direction), the checksums are

recomputed, and the packet is delivered to its true destination. This is because

SUA keeps a table of the IP addresses and port numbers of the local systems

currently using it.

10. What is the difference between SUA and Full Feature NAT?

When you edit a remote node in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network

-> Remote Node -> Edit, there will be three options for you:

•None

•SUA Only

•Full Feature

SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2

rules: Many-to-One and Server. With SUA, 'visible' servers had to be mapped

to different ports, since the servers share only one global IP.

The P-662H-D now has Full Feature NAT which supports five types of IP/Port

mapping: One to One, Many to One, Many to Many Overload, Many to Many

No Overload and Server. You can make special application when you select

Full Feature NAT. For example: With multiple global IP addresses, multiple

severs using the same port (e.g., FTP servers using port 21/20) are allowed on

the LAN for outside access.

The P-662H-D supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable,

but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The P-662H-D supports 8

sets since there are 8 remote nodes.

By fatory default, the NAT is select as SUA in Web Configurator, Advanced

Setup, Network -> NAT -> General -> NAT Setup.

11. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside

Internet? How can I do it?

Yes, it is possible because P-662H-D delivers the packet to the local server by

looking up to a SUA server table. Therefore, to make a local server accessible

to the outside users, the port number and the inside IP address of the server

P-662H-D Series Support Notes

must be configured. (You can configure it in Web Configurator, Advanced

Setup, Network -> NAT -> Port Forwarding).

12. When do I need select Full Feature NAT?

•Make multiple local servers on the LAN accessible from outside with

multiple global IP addresses

With SUA, 'visible' servers had to be mapped to different ports, since the

servers share only one global IP. But when you select Full Feature, you can

make multiple local servers (mapping the same port or not) on the LAN

accessible from outside with multiple global IP addresses.

•Support Non-NAT Friendly Applications

Some servers providing Internet applications such as some MIRC servers do

not allow users to login using the same IP address. Thus, users on the same

network can not login to the same server simultaneously. In this case it is

better to use Many-to-Many No Overload or One-to-One NAT mapping types,

thus each user login to the server using a unique global IP address.

13. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?

Multi-NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping: One to One, Many to One,

Many to Many Overload, Many to Many No Overload and Server. The details

of the mapping between ILA and IGA are described as below. Here we define

the local IP addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the global IP

addresses as the Inside Global Address (IGA),

•One to One: In One-to-One mode, the P-662H-D maps one ILA to one

IGA.

•Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the P-662H-D maps multiple ILA

to one IGA. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address

translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that previous ZyNOS

routers supported (the SUA is optional in today's Prestige routers).

•Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the

P-662H-D maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.

•Many One-to-One: In Many One-to-One mode, the P-662H-D maps

each ILA to unique IGA.

•Server: In Server mode, the P-662H-D maps multiple inside servers to

one global IP address. This allows us to specify multiple servers of

different types behind the NAT for outside access. Note, if you want to

map each server to one unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode.

P-662H-D Series Support Notes

The following table summarizes the five types.

NAT Type IP Mapping

One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1

Many-to-One

(SUA/PAT)

ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA1

...

Many-to-Many

Overload

ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA2

ILA3<--->IGA1

ILA4<--->IGA2

...

Many

One-to-One

ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA2

ILA3<--->IGA3

ILA4<--->IGA4

...

Server Server 1 IP<--->IGA1

Server 2 IP<--->IGA1

14. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?

The Prestige does not limit the number of the users but the number of the

sessions. The P-662H-D supports 2048 sessions that you can use the 'ip nat

session' command in CLI to see. You can also use ‘ip nat hashTable wanif0’

to view the current active NAT sessions.

15. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?

In ZyNOS, the filters have been separated into two groups. One group is

called 'device filter group', and the other is called 'protocol filter

group'. Generic filters belong to the 'device filter group', TCP/IP and IPX filters

belong to the 'protocol filter group'. You can configure the filter rule in CLI.

Note: In ZyNOS, you can not mix different filter groups in the same filter set.

16. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?

The P-662H-D's filter sets provide a means to protect against IP spoofing

attacks. The basic scheme is as follows:

For the input data filter:

•Deny packets from the outside that claim to be from the inside

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