ZyXEL Communications P-662HW-D

P-662HW-D Series

802.11g Wireless ADSL2+ 4-port Security Gateway

Support Notes

Version3.40

Mar. 2006

P-662HW-D Series Support Notes

FAQ.................................................................................................................7

ZyNOS FAQ.................................................................................................7

1. What is ZyNOS?...................................................................................7

2. What’s Multilingual Embedded Web Configurator?...............................7

3. How do I access the P-662HW-D Command Line Interface (CLI)?......7

4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?...........................7

5. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client

program via LAN?.....................................................................................7

6. How do I restore P-662HW-D configurations by using TFTP client

program via LAN?.....................................................................................8

7. What should I do if I forget the system password? ...............................8

8. How to use the Reset button?...............................................................8

9. What is SUA? When should I use SUA? ..............................................8

10. What is the difference between SUA and Full Feature NAT?.............9

11. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside

Internet? How can I do it?.........................................................................9

12. When do I need select Full Feature NAT?........................................10

13. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?..............................10

14. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support? .....................11

15. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?.....................................11

16. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?................................11

Product FAQ...............................................................................................13

1. How can I manage P-662HW-D?........................................................13

2. What is the default password for Web Configurator?..........................13

3. What’s the difference between ‘Common User Account’ and

‘Administrator Account’?.........................................................................13

4. How do I know the P-662HW-D's WAN IP address assigned by the

ISP?........................................................................................................13

5. What is the micro filter or splitter used for?.........................................13

6. The P-662HW-D supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the

difference between them? ......................................................................14

7. How do I know I am using PPPoE?....................................................14

8. Why does my provider use PPPoE?...................................................14

9. What is DDNS?...................................................................................14

10. When do I need DDNS service?.......................................................15

11. What is DDNS wildcard? Does the P-662HW-D support DDNS

wildcard? ................................................................................................15

12. Can the P-662HW-D's SUA handle IPSec packets sent by the IPSec

gateway? ................................................................................................15

13. How do I setup my P-662HW-D for routing IPSec packets over SUA?

................................................................................................................15

14. What is Traffic Shaping?...................................................................16

15. Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-662HW-D? ...................16

16. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) mean?.........................17

P-662HW-D Series Support Notes

17. What do the ATM QoS Types (CBR, UBR, VBR-nRT, VBR-RT) mean?

................................................................................................................17

18. What is content filter?.......................................................................17

ADSL FAQ .................................................................................................19

1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems?....................................19

2. What is the expected throughput?......................................................19

3. What is the microfilter used for? .........................................................19

4. How do I know the ADSL line is up?...................................................19

5. How does the P-662HW-D work on a noisy ADSL? ...........................19

6. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based

multiplexing?...........................................................................................20

7. How do I know the details of my ADSL line statistics?........................20

8. What are the signaling pins of the ADSL connector?..........................20

9. What is triple play? .............................................................................20

Firewall FAQ .............................................................................................22

General...................................................................................................22

1. What is a network firewall?...................................................22

2. What makes P-662HW-D secure?........................................22

3. What are the basic types of firewalls?..................................22

4. What kind of firewall is the P-662HW-D?..............................23

5. Why do you need a firewall when your router has packet

filtering and NAT built-in?.........................................................23

6. What is Denials of Service (DoS) attack?.............................23

7. What is Ping of Death attack?..............................................24

8. What is Teardrop attack? .....................................................24

9. What is SYN Flood attack?...................................................24

10. What is LAND attack? ........................................................24

11 What is Brute-force attack? .................................................25

12. What is IP Spoofing attack? ...............................................25

13. What are the default ACL firewall rules in P-662HW-D? ....25

Configuration ..........................................................................................25

1. How do I configure the firewall? ...........................................25

2. How do I prevent others from configuring my firewall?.........25

3. Why can't I configure my P-662HW-D using Web

Configurator/Telnet over WAN? ...............................................26

4. Why can't I upload the firmware and configuration file using

FTP over WAN? .......................................................................27

Log and Alert ..........................................................................................28

1. When does the P-662HW-D generate the firewall log?........28

2. What does the log show to us? ............................................28

3. How do I view the firewall log? .............................................28

4. When does the P-662HW-D generate the firewall alert?......29

5. What is the difference between the log and alert?................29

VPN FAQ ...................................................................................................30

P-662HW-D Series Support Notes

General FAQ...........................................................................................30

1. What is VPN?.......................................................................30

2. Why do I need VPN?............................................................30

3. What are most common VPN protocols?..............................30

4. What is PPTP?.....................................................................30

5. What is L2TP?......................................................................31

6. What is IPSec?.....................................................................31

7. What secure protocols does IPSec support?........................31

8. What are the differences between 'Transport mode' and

'Tunnel mode’?.........................................................................31

9. What is SA?..........................................................................32

10. What is IKE?.......................................................................32

11. What is Pre-Shared Key?...................................................32

12. What are the differences between IKE and manual key VPN?

.................................................................................................32

13. What is Phase 1 ID for?......................................................32

14. What is FQDN? ..................................................................33

15. When should I use FQDN?.................................................33

Advanced FAQ .......................................................................................33

1. How do I configure VPN?.....................................................33

2. What kind of VPN protocols are supported on P-662HW-D?

.................................................................................................34

3. What types of encryption does P-662HW-D VPN support?..34

4. What types of authentication does P-662HW-D VPN support?

.................................................................................................34

5. I am planning my P-662HW-D VPN configuration. What do I

need to know?..........................................................................34

6. Does P-662HW-D support dynamic secure gateway IP?.....35

7. What VPN gateway has been tested with P-662HW-D

successfully?............................................................................35

8. What VPN software has been tested with P-662HW-D

successfully? ...........................................................................36

11. How do I configure P-662HW-D with NAT for internal

servers?....................................................................................37

12. I am planning my P-662HW-D behind a NAT router. What do

I need to know?........................................................................37

13. How can I keep a tunnel alive?...........................................37

14. Single, Range, Subnet, which types of IP address do

P-662HW-D support in VPN/IPSec?.........................................38

15. Can P-662HW-D support VPN passthrough?.....................38

16. Can P-662HW-D behave as a NAT router supporting IPSec

passthrough and an IPSec gateway simultaneously? ..............38

Wireless FAQ............................................................................................39

General FAQ...........................................................................................39

P-662HW-D Series Support Notes

1. What is a Wireless LAN?......................................................39

2. What are the advantages of Wireless LAN?.........................39

3. What is the disadvantage of Wireless LAN?.........................39

4. Where can you find 802.11 wireless networks?....................40

5. What is an Access Point?.....................................................40

6. What’s the difference between IEEE802.11a/b/g? ...............40

7. Is it possible to use wireless products from a variety of vendors?

.................................................................................................40

8. What is Wi-Fi?......................................................................40

9. What types of devices use the 2.4GHz Band? .....................40

10. Does the 802.11 interfere with Bluetooth device? ..............41

11. Can radio signals pass through wall?.................................41

12. What are potential factors that may causes interference

among WLAN products? ..........................................................41

13. What's the difference between a WLAN and a WWAN? ....41

14. Can I manually swap the wireless module without damage

any hardware?..........................................................................42

15. What wireless security mode does P-662HW-D support?..42

16. What Wireless standard does P-662HW-D support?..........42

17. Does P-662HW-D support MAC filtering? ..........................42

18. Does P-662HW-D support auto rate adaption?..................42

Advanced FAQ .......................................................................................42

1. What is Ad Hoc mode?.........................................................42

2. What is Infrastructure mode? ...............................................42

3. How many Access Points are required in a given area? ....42

4. What is Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Technology –

(DSSS)?...................................................................................43

5. What is Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum Technology –

(FHSS)? .................................................................................43

6. Do I need the same kind of antenna on both sides of a link?

.................................................................................................43

7. Why the 2.4 GHZ Frequency range? ...................................43

8. What is Server Set ID (SSID)? ............................................43

9. What is an ESSID? ..............................................................43

Security FAQ ..........................................................................................44

1. How do I secure the data across the P-662HW-D Access

Point's radio link? .....................................................................44

2. What is WEP? ......................................................................44

3. What is WPA? ......................................................................44

4. What is the difference between 40-bit and 64-bit WEP? . ....45

5. What is a WEP key?.............................................................45

6. Will 128-bit WEP communicate with 64-bit WEP? ...............45

7. Can the SSID be encrypted?................................................45

P-662HW-D Series Support Notes

8. By turning off the broadcast of SSID, can someone still sniff

the SSID?.................................................................................45

9. What are Insertion Attacks? .................................................45

10. What is Wireless Sniffer? ...................................................45

11. What is OTIST? How do I use it? .......................................45

Application Notes.....................................................................................47

General Application Notes......................................................................47

1. Internet Access Using P-662HW-D under Bridge mode.......47

2. Internet Access Using P-662HW-D under Routing mode.....49

3. Setup the P-662HW-D as a DHCP Relay.............................51

4. SUA Notes............................................................................52

5. Using Full Feature NAT........................................................61

6. Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS) .........................................73

7. Network Management Using SNMP.....................................75

8. Using syslog.........................................................................78

9. Using IP Alias.......................................................................78

10. Using IP Policy Routing......................................................80

11. Using Call Scheduling ........................................................84

12. Using IP Multicast...............................................................86

13. Using Bandwidth Management...........................................87

14. Using Zero-Configuration ...................................................90

15. How could I configure triple play on P-662HW-D?..............93

16. How to configure packet filter on P-662HW-D?..................93

IPSEC VPN Application Notes................................................................97

1. How to use P-662HW-D to build VPN Tunnel with another

VPN Gateway/ Software?.........................................................97

2. How to build a VPN between Secure Gateway with Dynamic

WAN IP Address?...................................................................103

3. Configure NAT for internal servers.....................................105

4. VPN Routing between Branch Office through Headquarter106

Wireless Application Notes...................................................................111

1. Configure a Wireless Client to Ad hoc mode......................111

2. Configuring Infrastructure mode.........................................115

3. MAC Filter ..........................................................................119

4. Setup WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)..............................121

5. Site Survey.........................................................................126

6. Configure 802.1x and WPA................................................129

Support Tool...........................................................................................134

1. LAN/WAN Packet Trace ...................................................................134

Online Trace　.......................................................................134

Offline Trace　.......................................................................136

2. Firmware/Configurations Uploading and Downloading using TFTP..137

•Using TFTP client software...................................................137

•Using TFTP command on Windows NT................................138

P-662HW-D Series Support Notes

•Using TFTP command on UNIX ...........................................138

3. Using FTP to Upload the Firmware and Configuration Files.............139

CI Command Reference.........................................................................142

P-662HW-D Series Support Notes

FAQ

ZyNOS FAQ

1. What is ZyNOS?

ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System. It is the platform on

all Prestige routers that delivers network services and applications. It is

designed in a modular fashion so it is easy for developers to add new features.

New ZyNOS software upgrades can be easily downloaded from our FTP sites

as they become available.

2. What’s Multilingual Embedded Web Configurator?

Multilinggual Embedded Web Configurator means that it can display with 3

kinds of languanges: English, French, and German. By factory default it

displays with English, and you can change it in Web GUI.

3. How do I access the P-662HW-D Command Line Interface (CLI)?

The Command Line Interface is for the Administrator use only, and it could be

accessed via telnet session or consol connection.

Note: It is protected by super password, ‘1234’ by factory default.

4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?

You can do this if you access the P-662HW-D as Administrator. You can

upload the firmware and configuration file to Prestige from Web Condigurator,

or using FTP or TFTP client software. You CAN NOT upload the firmware and

configuration file via Telnet because the Telnet connection will be dropped

during uploading the firmware. Please do not power off the router right after the

FTP or TFTP uploading is finished, the router will upload the firmware to its

flash at this moment.

Note: There may be firmware that could not be upgraded from Web

Configurator. In this case, ZyXEL will prepare special Upload Software

for you. Please read the firmware release note carefully when you want to

upload a new fireware.

5. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client

program via LAN?

The P-662HW-D allows you to transfer the firmware to P-662HW-D using

TFTP program via LAN. The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via TFTP is as

follows.

P-662HW-D Series Support Notes

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your P-662HW-D.

b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' to disable Stdio idle timeout

c. To upgrade firmware, use TFTP client program to put firmware in file

'ras' in the Prestige. After data transfer is finished, the P-662HW-D will

program the upgraded firmware into FLASH ROM and reboot itself.

d. To backup your firmware, use the TFTP client program to get file 'ras'

from the Prestige.

6. How do I restore P-662HW-D configurations by using TFTP client

program via LAN?

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your P-662HW-D.

b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' disable Stdio idle timeout

c. To backup the P-662HW-D configurations, use TFTP client program to

get file 'rom-0' from the P-662HW-D.

d. To restore the P-662HW-D configurations, use the TFTP client program

to put your configuration in file rom-0 in the P-662HW-D.

7. What should I do if I forget the system password?

In case you forget the system password, you can erase the current

configuration and restore factory defaults this way:

Use the RESET button on the rear panel of P-662HW-D to reset the router.

After the router is reset, the LAN IP address will be reset to '192.168.1.1', the

common user password will be reset to 'user', the Administrator password will

be reset to ‘1234’.

8. How to use the Reset button?

a. Turn your P-662HW-D on. Make sure the POWER led is on (not blinking)

b. Press the RESET button for longer than one second and shorter than

five seconds and release it. If the POWER LED begins to blink, the

P-662HW-D’s wireless auto security function-OTIST has been enabled.

c. Press the RESET button for six seconds and release it. If the POWER

LED begins to blink, the default configuration have been restored and

the P-662HW-D restarts.

9. What is SUA? When should I use SUA?

SUA (Single User Account) is a unique feature supported by Prestige router

which allows multiple people to access Internet concurrently for the cost of a

single user account.

P-662HW-D Series Support Notes

When Prestige acting as SUA receives a packet from a local client destined for

the outside Internet, it replaces the source address in the IP packet header

with its own address and the source port in the TCP or UDP header with

another value chosen out of a local pool. It then recomputes the appropriate

header checksums and forwards the packet to the Internet as if it is originated

from Prestige using the IP address assigned by ISP. When reply packets from

the external Internet are received by Prestige, the original IP source address

and TCP/UDP source port numbers are written into the destination fields of the

packet (since it is now moving in the opposite direction), the checksums are

recomputed, and the packet is delivered to its true destination. This is because

SUA keeps a table of the IP addresses and port numbers of the local systems

currently using it.

10. What is the difference between SUA and Full Feature NAT?

When you edit a remote node in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network

-> Remote Node -> Edit, there will be three options for you:

•None

•SUA Only

•Full Feature

SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2

rules: Many-to-One and Server. With SUA, 'visible' servers had to be mapped

to different ports, since the servers share only one global IP.

The P-662HW-D now has Full Feature NAT which supports five types of

IP/Port mapping: One to One, Many to One, Many to Many Overload, Many to

Many No Overload and Server. You can make special application when you

select Full Feature NAT. For example: With multiple global IP addresses,

multiple severs using the same port (e.g., FTP servers using port 21/20) are

allowed on the LAN for outside access.

The P-662HW-D supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are

reusable, but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The P-662HW-D

supports 8 sets since there are 8 remote nodes.

By fatory default, the NAT is select as SUA in Web Configurator, Advanced

Setup, Network -> NAT -> General -> NAT Setup.

11. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside

Internet? How can I do it?

Yes, it is possible because P-662HW-D delivers the packet to the local server

by looking up to a SUA server table. Therefore, to make a local server

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