Apogee Instruments SP-522 Bedienungsanleitung

APOGEE INSTRUMENTS, INC. | 721 WEST 1800 NORTH, LOGAN, UTAH 84321, USA

TEL: (435) 792-4700 | FAX: (435) 787-8268 | WEB: APOGEEINSTRUMENTS.COM

OWNER’S MANUAL

PYRANOMETER

Models SP-522

Rev: 10-Feb-2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

EU Declaration of Conformity

This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer:

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

721 W 1800 N

Logan, Utah 84321

USA

for the following product(s):

Models: SP-522

Type: Pyranometer

The object of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonization legislation:

2014/30/EU Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive

2011/65/EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS 2) Directive

2015/863/EU Amending Annex II to Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 3)

Standards referenced during compliance assessment:

EN 61326-1:2013 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use –EMC requirements

EN 50581:2012 Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical and electronic products with respect to

the restriction of hazardous substances

Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers, the products

manufactured by us do not contain, as intentional additives, any of the restricted materials including lead (see

note below), mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated

diphenyls (PBDE), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and

diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). However, please note that articles containing greater than 0.1 % lead concentration

are RoHS 3 compliant using exemption 6c.

Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end products

for the presence of these substances, but we rely on the information provided to us by our material suppliers.

Signed for and on behalf of:

Apogee Instruments, February 2022

Bruce Bugbee

President

Apogee Instruments, Inc.

INTRODUCTION

Solar radiation at Earth’s surface is typically defined as total radiation across a wavelength range of 280 to 4000

nm (shortwave radiation). Total solar radiation, direct beam and diffuse, incident on a horizontal surface is defined

as global shortwave radiation, or shortwave irradiance (incident radiant flux), and is expressed in Watts per square

meter (W m-2, equal to Joules per second per square meter).

Pyranometers are sensors that measure global shortwave radiation. Apogee SP-500 series pyranometers are

blackbody thermopile pyranometers, and are sensitive to most of the solar spectrum, thus eliminating spectral

errors associated with silicon-cell pyranometers. The SP-522 is designed to measure incoming shortwave radiation

and combines a diffuser with the blackbody detector and has calibrations traceable to Class A blackbody

thermopile pyranometers traceable to the world radiation reference in Davos, Switzerland. Specifications compare

favorably to specifications for World Meteorological Organization (WMO) moderate and good quality

classifications and specifications for International Organization of Standardization (ISO) Class C and Class B

classifications.

Typical applications of pyranometers include incoming shortwave radiation measurement in agricultural,

ecological, and hydrological weather networks and solar panel arrays.

Apogee Instruments SP-522 pyranometers consist of a thermopile detector, acrylic diffuser, heater, and signal

processing circuitry mounted in an anodized aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor to a

measurement device. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space and are designed for continuous

measurement of shortwave radiation in outdoor environments. The SP-522 model outputs a digital signal using

Modbus RTU communication protocol over RS-232 or RS-485.

SENSOR MODELS

This manual covers the Modbus RTU protocol model SP-522 pyranometer sensor (in bold below). Additional

models are covered in their respective manuals.

Model

Signal

SP-522

Modbus

SP-510

Self-powered

SP-610

Self-powered

A sensor’s model number and serial number are

located on the bottom of the sensor.

SPECIFICATIONS

Calibration Traceability

Apogee Instruments SP-500 series pyranometers are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of

four transfer standard pyranometers (shortwave radiation reference) under high intensity discharge metal halide

lamps. The transfer standard pyranometers are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of at least

two ISO-classified reference pyranometers under sunlight (clear sky conditions) in Logan, Utah. Each of four ISO-

classified reference pyranometers are recalibrated on an alternating year schedule (two instruments each year) at

the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado. NREL reference standards are calibrated to

the World Radiometric Reference (WRR) in Davos, Switzerland.

SP-522

ISO 9060:2018

Class C (previously known as second class)

Input Voltage Requirement

5.5 to 24 V

Average Max Current Draw

4 mA (heater off)

30 mA (heater on)

Calibration Uncertainty at

1000 W m-2

Less than 3 % (see Calibration Traceability below)

Measurement Repeatability

Less than 1 %

Long-term Drift

(Non-stability)

Less than 2 % per year

Non-linearity

Less than 1 % (up to 2000 W m-2)

Field of View

180°

Spectral Range

385 to 2105 nm (wavelengths where response is 50 % of maximum)

Directional (Cosine)

Response

Less than 30 W m⁻² at 80° solar zenith

Temperature Response

Less than 5 % from -15 to 45 C

Zero Offset A

Less than 5 W m⁻²; Less than 10 W m⁻² (heated)

Zero Offset B

Less than 5 W m⁻²

Operating Environment

-50 to 80 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to 30 m

Dimensions

30.5 diameter, 37 mm height

Mass (with 5 m of cable)

140 g

Cable

5 m of four conductor, shielded, twisted-pair wire; TPR jacket; pigtail lead wires; stainless

steel (316), M8 connector

Important: Only use the nylon screw provided when

mounting to insulate the non-anodized threads of

the aluminum sensor head from the base to help

prevent galvanic corrosion. For extended

submersion applications, more insulation may be

necessary. Contact Apogee tech support for details.

DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION

Mount the sensor to a solid surface with the nylon mounting screw provided. To accurately measure PPFD incident

on a horizontal surface, the sensor must be level. An Apogee Instruments model AL-100 Leveling Plate is

recommended to level the sensor when used on a flat surface or being mounted to surfaces such as wood. To

facilitate mounting on a mast or pipe, the Apogee Instruments model AL-120 Solar Mounting Bracket with Leveling

Plate is recommended.

To minimize azimuth error, the sensor should be mounted with the cable pointing toward true north in the

northern hemisphere or true south in the southern hemisphere. Azimuth error is typically less than 1 %, but it is

easy to minimize by proper cable orientation.

In addition to orienting the cable to point toward the nearest pole, the sensor should also be mounted such that

obstructions (e.g., weather station tripod/tower or other instrumentation) do not shade the sensor. Once

mounted, the black cap should be removed from the sensor. The green cap can be used as a protective covering

for the sensor when it is not in use.

Model AL-100

Nylon Screw: 10-32x3/8

Model AL-120

CABLE CONNECTORS

Apogee sensors offer cable connectors to

simplify the process of removing sensors from

weather stations for calibration (the entire

cable does not have to be removed from the

station and shipped with the sensor).

The ruggedized M8 connectors are rated IP68,

made of corrosion-resistant marine-grade

stainless-steel, and designed for extended use

in harsh environmental conditions.

Cable connectors are attached directly to the head.

Instructions

Pins and Wiring Colors: All Apogee

connectors have six pins, but not all pins are

used for every sensor. There may also be

unused wire colors inside the cable. To

simplify datalogger connection, we remove

the unused pigtail lead colors at the

datalogger end of the cable.

If a replacement cable is required, please

contact Apogee directly to ensure ordering

the proper pigtail configuration.

Alignment: When reconnecting a sensor,

arrows on the connector jacket and an

aligning notch ensure proper orientation.

Disconnection for extended periods: When

disconnecting the sensor for an extended

period of time from a station, protect the

remaining half of the connector still on the

station from water and dirt with electrical

tape or other method.

A reference notch inside the connector ensures

proper alignment before tightening.

When sending sensors in for calibration, only send the sensor head.

Tightening: Connectors are designed to be

firmly finger-tightened only. There is an O-

ring inside the connector that can be overly

compressed if a wrench is used. Pay

attention to thread alignment to avoid

cross-threading. When fully tightened, 1-2

threads may still be visible.

WARNING: Do not tighten the connector by

twisting the black cable or sensor head, only

twist the metal connector (blue arrows).

Finger-tighten firmly

OPERATION AND MEASUREMENT

The SP-522 pyranometer has a Modbus output, where shortwave radiation is returned in digital format.

Measurement of SP-522 pyranometers requires a measurement device with a Modbus interface that supports the

Read Holding Registers (0x03) function.

Wiring

The Green wire should be connected to Ground to enable RS-485 communication, or it should be connected to 12

V power for RS-232 communication. Text for the White and Blue wires above refers to the port that the wires

should be connected to.

Sensor Calibration

All Apogee Modbus thermopile pyranometers (model SP-522) has sensor-specific calibration coefficients

determined during the custom calibration process. Coefficients are programmed into the sensors at the factory.

Modbus Interface

The following is a brief explanation of the Modbus protocol instructions used in Apogee SP-522 pyranometers. For

questions on the implementation of this protocol, please refer to the official serial line implementation of the

Modbus protocol: http://www.modbus.org/docs/Modbus_over_serial_line_V1_02.pdf (2006) and the general

Modbus protocol specification: http://www.modbus.org/docs/Modbus_Application_Protocol_V1_1b3.pdf (2012).

Further information can be found at: http://www.modbus.org/specs.php

Overview

The primary idea of the Modbus interface is that each sensor exists at an address and appears as a table of values.

These values are called Registers. Each value in the table has an associated index, and that index is used to identify

which value in the table is being accessed.

White: RS-232 RX / RS-485 Positive

Blue: RS-232 TX / RS-485 Negative

Green: Select (Switch between RS-232 and RS-485)

Black: Ground

Red: Power +12 V

Sensor addresses

Each sensor is given an address from 1 to 247. Apogee sensors are shipped with a default address of 1. If using

multiple sensors on the same Modbus line, the sensor’s address will have to be changed by writing the Slave

Address register.

Each register in a sensor represents a value in the sensor, such as a measurement or a configuration parameter.

Some registers can only be read, some registers can only be written, and some can be both read and written. Each

separate address than the sensor address, but can be easily confused with the sensor address.

However, there are two different indexing schemes used for Modbus sensors, though translating between them is

simple. One indexing scheme is called one-based numbering, where the first register is given the index of 1, and is

thereby accessed by requesting access to regis er 1. The other indexing scheme is called zero-based numbering,

where the first register is given the index 0, and is thereby accessed by requesting access to register 0. Apogee

Sensors use zero-based numbering. However, if using the sensor in a system that uses one-based numbering, such

as using a CR1000X logger, adding 1 to the zero-based address will produce the one-based address for the register.

According to the Modbus protocol specification, Holding Registers (the type registers Apogee sensors contain) are

defined to be 16 bits wide. However, when making scientific measurements, it is desirable to obtain a more precise

value than 16 bits allows. Thus, several Modbus implementations will use two 16-bit registers to act as one 32-bit

754 floating point numbers.

Apogee Modbus sensors also contain a redundant, duplicate set of registers that use 16-bit signed integers to

represent values as decimal-shifted numbers. It is recommended to use the 32-bit values, if possible, as they

contain more precise values.

Communication Parameters:

Apogee Sensors communicate using the Modbus RTU variant of the Modbus protocol. The default communication

parameters are as follows:

Slave address: 1

Baud rate: 19200

Data bits: 8

Stop bits: 1

Parity: Even

Byte Order: Big-Endian (most significant byte sent first)

The baud rate and slave address are user configurable. Valid slave addresses are 1 to 247. Since the address 0 is

reserve as the broadcast address, setting the slave address to 0 will actually set the slave address to 1. (This will

also reset factory-calibrated values and should NOT be done by the user unless otherwise instructed.)

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