Endress+Hauser Nivocompact FTC 131 Handbuch

Technical

Information

TI 133F/00/en

Applications

The Nivocompact FTC…is used for limit

detection in silos containing bulk solids

(for minimum or maximum level

indication). Three versions cover almost

any measuring application:

FTC 131 with rod probe ø 25 mm,

for mounting laterally or from above.

Mainly for maximum detection of

fine-grained or powdery bulk solids.

For minimum detection in small silos

with light bulk solids.

For use in the food processing industry.

Advantages:

•Complete unit consisting of probe with

plug-in electronic insert:

– simple mounting, low installation

costs

– for automation and control systems

(PLC, PCS, PC, relays, contactors,

etc.)

•No moving parts in silo:

– no wear, long operating life

– no maintenance

•Simple calibration:

– variable switchpoint with probes

mounted from above

•Rope version can be easily shortened:

– can be used for various limit values

– short delivery time

FTC 231 with rope probe ø 10 mm,

for mounting from above.

Mainly for maximum detection.

For minimum detection with light bulk

solids.

FTC 331 with rope probe ø 16 mm,

for mounting from above.

For maximum and minimum detection

with heavy bulk solids.

Capacitance Limit Detection

nivocompact FTC 131/231/331

Compact level limit switches for bulk solids

FTC 331

FTC 231

FTC 131

Hauser

Endress

Nothing beats know-how

Application Examples Sand Glass aggregate

Gravel Moulding sand

Lime Ore, crushed

Plaster Aluminium shavings

Cement Grain

Pumice Flour

Dolomite Sugar beet chips

Kaolin Fodder

and similar bulk solids

The Nivocompact is an electronic switch.

The entire measuring system consists of:

•Nivocompact FTC…

•power supply and

•connected control systems, switches,

signal transmitters

(e.g. process control systems, PLC,

relays, microcontactors, lamps, sirens

etc.)

The probe (rod or rope) and the silo wall

form the two electrodes of a capacitor,

with a high frequency voltage between

them.

The limit value is based on the principle

of a discharge circuit:

As long as the probe is in air with a

dielectric constant of εr= 1, then the

discharge time constant is τ= R x CA

where R is the resistance of the circuit

and CAthe capacitance of the capacitor

formed by the probe and silo wall.

If bulk material with a high dielectric

constant moves into the electrical field

between the probe and silo wall, then

the capacitance CAincreases and with

it the time constant τ.

The change in the time constant is

evaluated and the Nivocompact is

activated according to its switching

mode.

Note:

Bulk solids should have dielectric

constants εr≥2.5.

The Nivocompact is extremely

insensitive to low build-up on the probe

and silo wall as long as the material

does not form a bridge between the

probe and wall (e.g. on the threaded

boss).

The Complete

Measuring System

TI133Y01

FTC 231/331 Power

supply

FTC 131

Power

supply

The capacitance

level limit switches

Nivocompact

FTC 131...FTC 331

in practice

Operation

TI133Y12

εr> 1εr= 1

The capacitor

consisting of the silo

wall and probe

Fail-Safe Mode

The built-in feature for minimum/

maximum fail-safe switching allows the

Nivocompact to be used in all

applications requiring high operational

safety:

•Maximum Fail-Safe:

The current circuit is blocked

if the probe is covered

or the power supply fails.

Electronic Insert EC 20

Two-wire AC connection

21 V…250 V

Electronic switch, max. 350 mA

Electronic Insert EC 22

Three-wire DC connection

10 V…55 V

Transistor circuit,

load connection PNP, max. 350 mA

•Minimum Fail-Safe:

The current circuit is blocked

if the probe is uncovered

or the power supply fails.

A red LED on the electronic insert

indicates switching status.

Electronic Insert EC 23

Three-wire DC connection

10 V…55 V

Transistor circuit,

load connection NPN, max. 350 mA

Electronic Insert EC 24

with potential-free relay output,

AC voltage operation

21 V…250 V or

DC voltage operation

20 V…200 V

TI133Y02

(load circuit closed)

(load circuit open)

Minimum

fail-safe

mode

Maximum

fail-safe

mode

Power failure

Safety

Switching Level Electronic Switch

Full

Empty

Disconnected

Connected

Disconnected

Connected

Disconnected

The electronic switch

operates according to

the fail-safe switching

and the level.

Main Features of the

Different Electronic

Inserts

UU = U =

TI133Y13

U =

EC 20 EC 22 EC 23 EC 24

Electrical connections

available with the

different electronic

inserts.

Basic Differences

Between Probes

Nivocompact FTC 131

Rod probe, ø 25 mm

Insulation PE

Probe length 350 mm

Nivocompact FTC 231

Rope probe, ø 10 mm

Insulation PA

Probe length max. 22 m

Tensile load max. 3 t

Nivocompact FTC 331

Rope probe, ø 16 mm

Insulation PVC

Probe length max. 22 m

Tensile load max. 8 t

∅24

∅16

∅40

max. 80

100

approx. 250

L max. 22000 approx. 155

max. 88∅

TI133E20

60 AF

G 1½

NPT 1½"

Insulation

Steel rope

Partial insulation

Cast iron

Dimensions FTC 331

L max. 22000

approx. 250

approx. 140

∅10

∅40

max. 88∅

max. 80

∅20

TI133E19

60 AF

G 1½

NPT 1½"

Insulation

Steel rope

Partial insulation

Cast iron

Dimensions FTC 231

max. 80

approx. 140

L = 350

(Standard)

max. 88∅

∅25

TI133E18

60 AF

G 1½

NPT 1½"

Steel rod

Insulation PE

Dimensions FTC 131

Filling the Silo

The filling stream should not be directed

onto the probe.

Angle of Material Flow

Note the angle of material flow or the

outlet funnel when determining the

measuring point or probe length.

Distance Between Probes

If more than one probe is mounted in a

silo, then a minimum distance of 0.5 m

must be allowed for in order to avoid

mutual interference.

Threaded Socket for Mounting

Use the shortest possible threaded

socket when mounting the Nivocompact

FTC 131…331.

Condensation can form in long threaded

sockets and interfere with correct

operation of the probe.

Heat Insulation

With high silo temperatures:

Insulate the outside silo wall to avoid

exceeding the max. permissible

temperature of the Nivocompact

housing. This insulation also prevents

condensation near the threaded boss

and so reduces build-up and the

danger of error switching.

Installation in the Open

A protective sun cover as an accessory

protects the Nivocompact with the

aluminium housing from excessive

temperatures and from condensation

which may form in the housing due to

large temperature variations.

General information

for installing the

capacitance

Nivocompact FTC…

level limit switch.

TI133Y03

FTC 231

FTC 331

Distance

min.

500 mm

Angle of

slope

min.

500 mm FTC 131

max. 60 °C

Protective

sun cover

min.

500 mm

max. 80 °C

Protective

roof

approx.

200 mm FTC 131

Angle of

slope

Installation

General Information

Project Planning

Nivocompact FTC 131

a) Maximum level detection;

Short threaded socket (ideally 25 mm

= half standard length socket).

b) Light build-up on silo wall:

threaded socket welded internally.

The probe tip points slightly

downwards so that material falls off

more easily.

c) Protective roof to protect against

collapsing mounds or high strain on

the rod probe caused by the material

filling curtain with the Nivocompact

FTC 131 used for minimum detection.

d) Threaded socket too long.

Material can settle and lead to error.

e) Error switching caused by high

build-up on the silo wall is best

avoided by mounting the

Nivocompact FTC 231 or FTC 331

with rope probe in the roof of the silo.

f) High strain on the rod probe due to

material run-out;

The Nivocompact FTC 431 with disk

probe is recommended.

Cable gland pointed upwards can

allow moisture to enter.

g) In areas where material can settle,

the instrument cannot recognise an

»empty« silo. The FTC 231 or

FTC 331 is recommended.

This mounting example shows a steel

plate as counter electrode.

Heat insulation prevents condensation

and build-up on the steel plate.

When mounting in a silo made of plastic

material, a sheet metal plate should be

attached to the outside of the silo as a

counter electrode. This plate can be

either square or round. The dimensions

with thin silo walls and low dielectric

constant should be approx. 0.5 m on

each side or ø 0.5 m. This should be

approx. 0.7 m along each side or

ø 0.7 m for silos with thicker walls or for

materials with higher dielectric constants.

The minimum distance required can be

maintained by staggered mounting.

TI133Y04

Metal wall

Short

360

approx.

200

approx.

200 c)

max.

30 Nm

Silo with metal walls

TI133Y06

Plastic wall

Sheet metal plate

Ground connection

Electrical

HF field

Silo with concrete walls

TI133Y07

e.g.

300 mm e.g.

300 mm

min.

500 mm

TI133Y05

Concrete wall

Sheet metal plate

with threaded

socket

Heat insulation

min. ø 300

or 300

For small differences in

level

Silo with plastic walls

Correct Installation Incorrect Installation

Project Planning

Nivocompact FTC 231

and FTC 331

a) The correct distance from the silo

wall, the material filling curtain and

the material outlet.

For pneumatic filling systems, the

distance of the probe from the wall

should not be too small as the probe

may swing against it.

Silo Roof

Ensure that the silo roof is strong

enough!

Very high tensile forces, up to

100.000 N (10 t) may occur at the

material outlet especially with heavy,

powdery bulk materials which tend to

form build-up.

b) The probe can be damaged by the

inflowing material if mounted too near

the inlet.

When mounted near the centre of the

outlet, the high tensile forces present

at this point may damage the probe

or subject the silo roof to excessive

strain.

c) Threaded socket too long;

Condensation and dust may

penetrate and cause errors.

d) Too near silo wall;

When swinging gently the probe can

hit the wall or touch any build-up

which may have formed.

This can result in error switching

Coarse Grained Materials

The Nivocompact FTC 231 or FTC 331

should only be used for maximum

detection in silos with very coarse or

abrasive material.

Distance between Probes

A minimum distance of 0.5 m between

probes must be maintained to ensure

that there is no mutual interference;

This also applies to all Nivocompact

units which are mounted next to one

another in silos with non-conducting

walls.

TI133Y08

approx.

0.1 L to

0.3 L

min.

0.4 m

b) c) d)

max. 3 t (FTC 231)

max. 8 t (FTC 331)

Silo with metal walls

Correct Installation Incorrect Installation

The 25 mm long threaded socket should

project into the silo so as to minimise

effects due to condensation and

material build-up.

★LB(covered length):

With non-conductive materials having

low dielectric constants, the rope probe

must be approx. 5 % (or minimum

300 mm) longer than the distance from

the roof of the vessel to the switch point.

If it is not possible to select the correct

LBfor minimum detection with very long

Heat insulation prevents condensation

and build-up on the steel plate.

When mounting in a silo made of

plastic, a counter electrode must be

mounted on the outside and at the same

height as the weight.

The length of the edge of the counter

electrode should be roughly the same

length as the distance of the weight to

the silo wall.

probes then a special version with

»butterfly weight« can be supplied as

an accessory. The increased surface

area of this weight ensures that there is

a large enough change in capacitance

when the probe is covered by material.

An LBof 300 mm is normally sufficient.

TI133Y09

Steel plate

connected to

the reinforcing

steel

Concrete

roof

recommended

with

condensation:

Heat

insulation

Steel plate

Silo with concrete walls

TI133Y10

Ground

connection

Surface

area

e.g.1 m2

Counter

electrodee.g.

sheet metal plate

Weight

Electrical

HF field Distance

e.g.1 m

TI133Y11

Limit

Electrically

conductive bulk

solid (e.g.ore)

Limit

LBmin. 200 mm

Bulk solid with high

dielectric constant

(e.g.meal)

min.0.05xL

min.300 mm

LB★

Bulk solid with low

dielectric constant

(e.g.moulding sand)

Limit

Silo with plastic walls

Different probe lengths

Wiring Connections

General Information

Load Limit Values

Note the limit values of the loads to

which you want to connect the

Nivocompact. Exceeding the load can

destroy the electronic insert (or the relay

contact in the EC 24).

Fuse

Ensure that the rating of the fine-wire

fuse corresponds to the maximum load

to be connected;

the fine-wire fuse does not protect the

electronic insert of the Nivocompact

FTC.

Diameter of Wiring

Because of the small currents used,

only small diameter cabling is required.

Low-cost cabling with diameters of

0.5 mm2to max. 1.5 mm2is

recommended.

Grounding

The Nivocompact must be grounded to

give reliable operation free from

interference. This is done by either

connecting it to a grounded silo with

metal or reinforced concrete walls or

else to the earth conductor PE.

If a counter electrode is connected to a

silo made of plastic material then there

must be a short ground connection from

the Nivocompact to the counter

electrode.

Connecting the Nivocompact

with Electronic Insert EC 20

for AC Voltage

(Two-Wire Connection)

Connecting in series to a load

The level limit switch Nivocompact with

electronic insert EC 20 must - like all

switches - be connected in series with

the load (e.g. relays, microcontactors,

lamps) to the power supply.

Connection voltage

The voltage across Terminal 1 and 2

of the electronic insert must be at least

21 V.

The power voltage must be

correspondingly higher to compensate

for the voltage drop across the

connected load.

Load cutoff

Note that loads connected in series are

not completely disconnected from the

power supply if the electronic switch in

the electronic insert of the Nivocompact

»cuts off« (blocks) with the level alarm.

Because of the current requirements of

the electronics, a small »residual

current« still flows through the external

load.

When the load is a relay with a very

small retaining current, then the relay

may not de-energise. In this case

connect an additional load in parallel to

the relay, e.g. a resistor or signal lamp.

TI133Y14

EC 20

1-2∼

L1 N PE

Power supply

U∼:min. 21 V + UR

max.250 V

Connecting the

Nivocompact with

EC 20 electronic insert

U 1-2∼: 21 V…250 V

across Terminals 1

and 2 of the EC 20

R: Connected

(external) load ;

e.g.relay

F: Fine-wire fuse,

load-dependent

M: Ground connection

to silo or to counter

electrode

E: Grounding

UR:Voltage drop

between the load

R and the fine-wire

fuse

Connecting the EC 20

Connecting the Nivocompact

with Electronic Insert EC 22

(Three-Wire PNP) or

Electronic Insert EC 23

(Three-Wire NPN)

for DC Voltage

Transistor circuit for load

The load connected to Terminal 3 is

switched by a transistor, contactless

and therefore without bouncing.

EC 22:

Terminal 3 has a positive signal

with normal switching.

EC 23:

Terminal 3 has a negative signal

with normal switching.

The transistor is blocked on level alarm

or with a power failure.

Protection against voltage peaks

Connecting to an instrument with a high

inductance:

a voltage limiter should be connected.

Connecting the Nivocompact

with Electronic Insert EC 24

(Relay Output)

for DC and AC Voltages

Relay contact for load

The load is connected over a

potential-free relay contact

(change-over contact).

The relay contact breaks the connection

between Terminal 3 and Terminal 4 on

level alarm or with a power failure.

Protection against voltage peaks and

short-circuiting

Protect the relay contact by connecting

a spark barrier to instruments with high

inductance.

A fine-wire fuse (load-dependent) can

protect the relay contact if a short-circuit

occurs.

Power Supply

TI133Y15

(+)

L+ L-

U=:10 V...55 V

(PE)

EC 22

TI133Y16

(–)

EC 23

L+ L-

U=:10 V…55 V

(PE)

TI133Y17

EC 24

U∼

Potential-free

change over

contact

L1 N

U∼:21 V…250 V

u=:20 V…200 V

452

au r

+– PE

Connecting the

Nivocompact with

electronic insert EC 23

NPN connection

F: Fine-wire fuse,

load-dependent

R: Connected load,

e.g. PLC, PCS,

relay

M: Ground connection

to silo or to counter

electrode

E: Grounding

Connecting the

Nivocompact with

electronic insert EC 24

Relay output

F1:Fine-wire fuse

200 mA, semi-time

lag recommended

F2:Fine-wire fuse to

protect the relay

contact, load-

dependent

M: Ground connection

to silo or to counter

electrode

E: Grounding

Connecting the

Nivocompact with

electronic insert EC 22

PNP connection

F: Fine-wire fuse,

load-dependent

R: Connected load,

e.g. PLC, PCS,

relay

M: Ground connection

to silo or to counter

electrode

E: Grounding

Connecting the

EC 22, EC 23

Connecting the EC 24

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