ZyXEL Communications P-660RU-Tx Series Handbuch

P-660RU-Tx

Series

ADSL2+ Ethernet/USB Router

Support Notes

Version 1.01

Jan. 2010

P-660RU-Tx Series Support Note

OS FAQ..............................................................................................................4

1. How do I access the P-660RU-Tx Command Line Interface (CLI)? ..........4

2. How do I update the firmware and configuration file ?...............................4

3. How do I restore P-660RU-Tx configurations by using TFTP client

program via LAN? .........................................................................................5

4. What should I do if I forget the system password?....................................5

5. How to use the Reset button?...................................................................5

6. What is SUA? When should I use SUA?...................................................5

7. What is the difference between SUA and Full Feature NAT?....................6

8. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside

Internet? How can I do it?..............................................................................6

9. When do I need select Multiple IP in NAT (Full Feature NAT)?.................6

10. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?.....................................7

11. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?............................8

12. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?.......................................8

Product FAQ ....................................................................................................9

1. How can I manage P-660RU-Tx?..............................................................9

2. What is the default password for Web Configurator? ................................9

3. How do I know the P-660RU-Tx's WAN IP address assigned by the ISP?9

4. What is Traffic Shaping? ...........................................................................9

5. Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-660RU-Tx?............................9

6. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, and MBS) mean?.........................10

7. What do the ATM QoS Types (CBR, UBR, VBR, rtVBR, nrtVBR) mean?10

8. The P-660RU-Tx supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the difference

between them?............................................................................................11

9. How do I know I am using PPPoE?.........................................................11

10. Why does my provider use PPPoE?......................................................11

11. When do I need to choose dynamic IP?................................................11

12. What is DDNS? .....................................................................................13

13. When do I need DDNS service?............................................................13

14. What is DDNS wildcard? Does the P-660RU-Tx support DDNS wildcard?

....................................................................................................................13

P-660RU-Tx Series Support Note

15. Can the P-660RU-Tx's SUA (Simple IP) handle IPSec packets sent by

the IPSec gateway? ....................................................................................14

16. How do I setup P-660RU-Tx for routing IPSec packets over SUA? ......14

17. What is IP Policy Routing (IPPR)?.........................................................15

18. How does the IPPR work?.....................................................................16

19. What is CWMP?....................................................................................16

20. How to configure CWMP on P-660RU-Tx? ...........................................16

21. How to configure ACL?..........................................................................18

22. What is UPnP?......................................................................................19

ADSL FAQ.......................................................................................................20

1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems? ........................................20

2. What is the micro-filter or splitter used for?.............................................20

3. How do I know the ADSL line is up?........................................................20

4. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based

multiplexing? ...............................................................................................20

5. How do I know the details of my ADSL line statistics? ............................21

6. What are the signaling pins of the ADSL connector? ..............................21

Application Notes .........................................................................................22

1. Internet Access Using P-660RU-Tx under Bridge mode .........................22

2. Internet Access Using P-660RU-Tx under Routing mode .......................24

3. Make use of Bridge Interface in Routing mode........................................26

4. Setup the P-660RU-Tx as a DHCP Relay...............................................27

5. SUA Notes...............................................................................................29

6. Using Full Feature NAT...........................................................................38

7. Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS) ............................................................46

8. Network Management Using SNMP........................................................48

9. Using system log.....................................................................................50

10. Using IP Alias........................................................................................51

11. Using IP Multicast..................................................................................53

12. How to configure packet filter on P-660RU-Tx? ....................................55

Support Tool..................................................................................................59

1. LAN/WAN Packet Trace..........................................................................59

CI Command Reference...............................................................................63

P-660RU-Tx Series Support Note

OS FAQ

1. How do I access the P-660RU-Tx Command Line Interface (CLI)?

The Command Line Interface is for the Administrator use only, and it could be

accessed via telnet session.

Begin telnet session:

(1) Choose starton your computer run

(2) Input cmdand enter

(3) Input telnet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx( note that there is a space between the two),

(4) Enter to login in the CLI.

Note: It is protected by super password, “1234”by factory default.

2. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?

You can do this if you access the P-660RU-Tx as Administrator. You can upload

the firmware and configuration file to P-660RU-Tx from Web Condigurator, or

using FTP software. You CAN NOT upload the firmware and configuration file via

Telnet because the Telnet connection will be dropped during uploading the

firmware. Please do not power off the router right after the FTP uploading is

finished, the router will upload the firmware to its flash at this moment.

(1) Update on web configuration page, Advanced Setup，

Maintenance -> Firmware

You can check your current firmware version and upgrade the firmware of

the Router in this page. Make sure the firmware you want to use is on the

local hard drive of the computer. Click on Browse to browse the local hard

drive and locate the firmware to be used for upgrade.

(2) Update firmware with FTP

a) Use the FTP client program in your PC to login to your P-660RU-Tx.

Note that it is protected by username and password, “admin”and

“1234”by default.

b) To update firmware, you need to use the command: put xx.bin ras for

firmware or put xx.rom rom-0 for rom file.

xx.bin means the firmware on your local hard drive and xx.rom means

rom file on your local hard drive. You can simply draw them into the

window.

Note: There may be firmware that could not be upgraded from Web

Configurator. In this case, ZyXEL will prepare special Upload Software

All contents copyright

2010 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

P-660RU-Tx Series Support Notes

for you. Please read the firmware release note carefully when you want to

upload a new firmware.

3. How do I restore P-660RU-Tx configurations by using TFTP client

program via LAN?

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your

P-660RU-Tx.

b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' disable Stdio idle timeout

c. To backup the P-660RU-Tx configurations, use TFTP client program to

get file “rom-0”from the P-660RU-Tx.

d. To restore the P-660RU-Tx configurations, use the TFTP client

program to put your configuration in file rom-0 in the P-660RU-Tx.

4. What should I do if I forget the system password?

In case you forget the system password, you can erase the current

configuration and restore factory defaults this way:

Use the RESET button on the rear panel of P-660RU-Tx to reset the router.

After the router is reset, the LAN IP address will be reset to '192.168.1.1', the

password will be reset to 1234.

5. How to use the Reset button?

a. Turn your P-660RU-Tx on. Make sure the POWER led is on (not

blinking)

b. Press the RESET button for ten seconds and then release it. If the

POWER LED begins to blink, the default configuration has been

restored and the P-660RU-Tx restarts.

6. What is SUA? When should I use SUA?

SUA (Single User Account) is a unique feature supported by P-660RU-Tx router

which allows multiple people to access Internet concurrently for the cost of a

single user account.

When P-660RU-Tx acting as SUA receives a packet from a local client destined

for the outside Internet, it replaces the source address in the IP packet header

with its own address and the source port in the TCP or UDP header with another

value chosen out of a local pool. It then recomputed the appropriate header

checksums and forwards the packet to the Internet as if it is originated from

P-660RU-Tx using the IP address assigned by ISP. When reply packets from

the external Internet are received by P-660RU-Tx, the original IP source

address and TCP/UDP source port numbers are written into

All contents copyright

2010 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

P-660RU-Tx Series Support Notes

the destination fields of the packet (since it is now moving in the opposite

direction), the checksums are recomputed, and the packet is delivered to its

true destination. This is because SUA keeps a table of the IP addresses and

port numbers of the local systems currently using it.

7. What is the difference between SUA and Full Feature NAT?

When you edit a remote node in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup,

Advanced Setup -> NAT -> Number of IPs, there will be two options for you:

Single

Multiple

Single here means SUA (Single User Account). In previous versions is a NAT

set with 2 rules: Many-to-One and Server. With SUA, 'visible' servers had to be

mapped to different ports, since the servers share only one global IP.

The P-660RU-Tx now has Multiple, stands for Full Feature NAT, which supports

five types of IP/Port mapping: One to One, Many to One, Many to Many

Overload, Many to Many No Overload and Server. You can make special

application when you select Multiple. For example: With multiple global IP

addresses, multiple severs using the same port (e.g., FTP servers using port

21/20) are allowed on the LAN for outside access.

The P-660RU-Tx supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable,

but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The P-660RU-Tx supports 8 sets

since there are 8 remote nodes.

8. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside

Internet? How can I do it?

Yes, it is possible because P-660RU-Tx delivers the packet to the local server by

looking up to a SUA server table. Therefore, to make a local server accessible to

the outside users, the port number and the inside IP address of the server must

be configured. (You can configure it in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup,

Advanced Setup -> NAT -> DMZ.

9. When do I need select Multiple IP in NAT (Full Feature NAT)?

Make multiple local servers on the LAN accessible from outside with

multiple global IP addresses

With Single IP (SUA), 'visible' servers had to be mapped to different ports, since

the servers share only one global IP. But when you select Multiple IPs

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2010 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

P-660RU-Tx Series Support Notes

(Full Feature), you can make multiple local servers (mapping the same port or not)

on the LAN accessible from outside with multiple global IP addresses.

Support Non-NAT Friendly Applications

Some servers providing Internet applications such as some MIRC servers do

not allow users to login using the same IP address. Thus, users on the same

network can not login to the same server simultaneously. In this case it is

better to use Many-to-Many No Overload or One-to-One NAT mapping types,

thus each user login to the server using a unique global IP address.

10. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?

There is a Virtual Server column in Advanced Setup-> NAT. We can

configure a IP/Port mapping table there.

Multi-NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping: One to One, Many to One,

Many to Many Overload, Many to Many No Overload and Server. The details of

the mapping between ILA and IGA are described as below. Here we define the

local IP addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the global IP

addresses as the Inside Global Address (IGA),

One to One: In One-to-One mode, the P-660RU-Tx maps one ILA to one

IGA.

Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the P-660RU-Tx maps multipleILA

to one IGA. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation).

Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the

P-660RU-Tx maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.

Many One-to-One: In Many One-to-One mode, the P-660RU-Tx

maps each ILA to unique IGA.

Server: In Server mode, the P-660RU-Tx maps multiple inside servers to

one global IP address. This allows us to specify multiple servers of different

types behind the NAT for outside access. Note that if you want to map

each server to one unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode.

All contents copyright

2010 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

P-660RU-Tx Series Support Notes

The following table summarizes the five types.

NAT Type

IP Mapping

One-to-One

ILA1<--->IGA1

Many-to-One

(SUA/PAT)

ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA1

...

Many-to-Many

Overload

ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA2

ILA3<--->IGA1

ILA4<--->IGA2

...

Many

One-to-One

ILA1<--->IGA1

ILA2<--->IGA2

ILA3<--->IGA3

ILA4<--->IGA4

...

Server

Server 1 IP<--->IGA1

Server 2 IP<--->IGA1

11. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?

The P-660RU-Tx does not limit the number of the users but the number of the

NAT sessions. The P-660RU-Tx supports 1024 sessions.

12. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?

The P-660RU-Tx's filter sets provide a means to protect against IP spoofing

attacks. The basic scheme is according to your need to set different filter type.

There are three types of filter: IP/MAC Filter, Application Filter, and URL Filter.

You can use IP/MAC filter to decide the input data or output one to be filtered or

you may simply set filter conditions depend on your application or URL.

All contents copyright

2010 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

P-660RU-Tx Series Support Notes

Product

FAQ

1. How can I manage P-660RU-Tx?

English Web GUI for Local and Remote management

CLI (Command-line interface)

Telnet support (Administrator Password Protected ) for remote

configuration change and status monitoring

FTP sever, firmware upgrade and configuration backup and restore are

supported(Administrator Password Protected)

2. What is the default password for Web Configurator?

By factory default the password for P-660RU-Tx Web Configurator is 1234.

You can login in as an administrator. You can change the password after you

logging in the Web Configurator.

Please record your new password whenever you change it. The system

will lock you out if you have forgotten your password.

3. How do I know the P-660RU-Tx's WAN IP address assigned by the ISP?

You can view " IP Address<from ISP>: x.x.x.x" shown in Web Configurator

Status->Device Info ->WAN

‟

to check this IP address.

4. What is Traffic Shaping？

Traffic Shaping allocates the bandwidth to WAN dynamically and aims at

boosting the efficiency of the bandwidth. If there are several VCs in the

P-660RU-Tx but only one VC activated at one time, the P-660RU-Tx

allocates all the Bandwidth to the VC and the VC gets full bandwidth. If

another VCs are activated later, the bandwidth is yield to other VCs after

ward.

5. Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-660RU-Tx?

The P-660RU-Tx must manage traffic fairly and provide bandwidth allocation for

different sorts of applications, such as voice, video, and data. All applications

have their own natural bit rate. Large data transactions have a fluctuating natural

bit rate. The P-660RU-Tx is able to support variable traffic among different virtual

connections. Certain traffic may be discarded if the virtual connection

experiences congestion. Traffic shaping defines a set of actions taken by the

P-660RU-Tx to avoid congestion; traffic shaping takes measures to adapt to

unpredictable fluctuations in traffic flows and other problems among virtual

connections.

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2010 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

P-660RU-Tx Series Support Notes

6. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, and MBS) mean?

Traffic shaping parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) can be set in Web Configurator,

Interface Setup, Interface Setup -> Internet -> QoS:

Peak Cell Rate (PCR): The maximum bandwidth allocated to this connection.

The VC connection throughput is limited by PCR.

Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR): The least guaranteed bandwidth of a VC.

When there are multi-VCs on the same line, the VC throughput is guaranteed by

SCR.

Maximum Burst Size(MBS): The amount of cells transmitted through this VC

at the Peak Cell Rate before yielding to other VCs. Total bandwidth of the line is

dedicated to single VC if there is only one VC on the line. However, as the other

VC asking the bandwidth, the MBS defines the maximum number of cells

transmitted via this VC with Peak Cell rate before yielding to other VCs.

The P-660RU-Tx holds the parameters for shaping the traffic among its virtual

channels. If you do not need traffic shaping, please set SCR = 0, MBS =

0 and PCR as the maximum value according to the line rate (for example, 2.3

Mbps line rate will result PCR as 5424 cell/sec.)

7. What do the ATM QoS Types (CBR, UBR, VBR, rtVBR, nrtVBR) mean?

Constant bit rate (CBR): An ATM bandwidth-allocation service that requires

the user to determine a fixed bandwidth requirement at the time the connection

is set up so that the data can be sent in a steady stream. CBR service is often

used when transmitting fixed-rate uncompressed video.

Unspecified bit rate (UBR): An ATM bandwidth-allocation service that

does not guarantee any throughput levels and uses only available

bandwidth. UBR is often used when transmitting data that can tolerate

delays, such as e-mail.

Variable bit rate (VBR): An ATM bandwidth-allocation service that allows users to

specify a throughput capacity (i.e., a peak rate) and a sustained rate but data is

not sent evenly. You can select VBR for burst traffic and bandwidth sharing with

other applications. It contains two subclasses:

Non-real time variable bit rate (nrtVBR) and Real time variable bit rate

(rtVBR).

All contents copyright

2010 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

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