Adobe 22002418 Bedienungsanleitung

Adobe® Acrobat® 9 Pro Accessibility Guide:

Best Practices for Accessibility

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Contents

Contents i

Introduction 1

PDF Accessibility 1

Each PDF File is Different 1

Two Workflows for Creating Accessible PDF Files 1

Making an Existing PDF File Accessible 1

Generating Accessible PDF Files from Authoring Applications 2

Characteristics of Accessible PDF files 2

Searchable text 2

Fonts that allow characters to be extracted to text 2

Interactive form fields 2

Other Features: Buttons, hyperlinks, and navigational aids 2

Document language 3

Security that will not interfere with assistive technology 3

Document structure tags and proper read order 3

Alternative text descriptions 3

Adobe Acrobat and Adobe Reader Accessibility Features 3

Features for Accessible Reading of PDFs 3

Features for Creating Accessible PDFs 3

Acrobat 9 Pro PDF Accessibility Repair Workflow 5

Contents

Making PDF Accessible with Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro

ii |

PDF Accessibility Workflow Summary 5

Step 1: Analyze the PDF File 5

Step 2: Determine if the PDF is a Scanned Document 5

How to Tell if a PDF File is a Scanned Document 6

What to Do if the PDF is a Scanned Document 7

What to Do if the PDF is Not a Scanned Document 8

Step 3: Add Interactive Features: Form Fields and Buttons 8

PDF Form Fields 9

Use Acrobat to Detect and Create Interactive Form Fields 9

Acrobat Form Wizard 9

Enter Forms Editing Mode Directly 10

Create Form Fields Manually 10

Forms Editing Mode 11

Creating a New Form Field 11

Form Field Properties 12

Tooltips for Form Fields 12

Tooltips for Radio Buttons 13

Editing or Modifying an Existing Form Field 14

Deleting a Form Field 14

Buttons 15

Set the Tab Order 15

Step 4: Add Other Accessibility Features 16

Document Language 16

Set Security That Permits Accessibility 17

Create Accessible Links 19

Add Bookmarks 19

Contents

Making PDF Accessible with Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro

| iii

Step 5: Determine if the PDF File is a Tagged PDF File 20

How to Tell if a PDF File is Tagged 20

What to do if the PDF File is Not Tagged 22

About the Add Tags Report 22

What to do if the PDF File is Tagged 23

Step 6: Determine if the PDF File is Properly Tagged 23

TouchUp Reading Order Tool (TURO) 23

Selecting the TouchUp Reading Order Tool 24

TouchUp Reading Order Tool Options 25

Tips for using the TouchUp Reading Order tool 26

Checking Read Order with the Touch Up Read Order Tool 26

Check reading order with the TouchUp Reading Order tool 27

Change the reading order by dragging on the page 27

Change the reading order using the Order panel 27

Editing Tags with the TouchUp Reading Order Tool 28

Tag a region 28

Change the tag for a region 28

Add or remove content from a tagged region 28

Split a region into two regions 28

Apply a heading tag 29

Remove page elements from the tag structure 29

Apply a figure tag 29

Using TouchUp Reading Order to Check and Correct Figure Tags 29

Adding Alternate Text with the TouchUp Reading Order Tool 30

Using the TouchUp Reading Order Tool Table Editor 31

Add a Table Summary 31

Place the Table in Editing Mode 31

Remove or replace document structure tags 35

Contents

Making PDF Accessible with Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro

iv |

Replace the existing tag structure 35

Remove all tags from a PDF 35

Complex Structures 35

Content Panel 35

Content Tab Options 37

Order Panel 37

Tags Panel 38

Edit tags with the Tags Panel 39

Edit a tag title 40

Move a tag 40

Change the element type 40

Tags tab options 40

Add alternate text and supplementary information to tags 41

Add alternate text to links 42

Add alternate text for a figure 42

Add alternate text for an abbreviated term 42

Create a new child tag 43

Add tags to comments 43

Correct table tags with the Tags tab 43

Check table elements 43

Set ColSpan and RowSpan attributes 44

Step 7: Use the Accessibility Checker to Evaluate the PDF File 44

Quick Check 44

Quick Check Results 44

Full Check 45

Accessibility Full Check Options 46

Continue Checking Until All Issues are Addressed 47

Additional Validation Techniques 47

Contents

Making PDF Accessible with Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro

| v

Creating Accessible PDF Files Using Authoring Applications 49

Introduction 49

Create an Accessible Microsoft Word Document 49

Use Styles 49

Text 49

Headings 50

Word 2003 Headings 50

Word 2007 Headings 50

Add Alternative Text to Word Graphics and Images 51

Word 2003 51

Word 2007 51

Configure the PDFMaker 52

Show or activate PDFMaker in Microsoft Word 53

For Office 2003 or earlier, 53

For Office 2007 53

View PDFMaker conversion settings 53

Settings Tab 54

Security Tab 56

Word Tab 57

Bookmarks Tab (Microsoft Word) 58

Video Tab (Microsoft Word and PowerPoint) 59

Settings for Other Microsoft Office Applications 60

Excel-specific options on the Settings tab 60

PowerPoint-specific options on the Settings tab 60

Convert the Word Document to Accessible PDF 61

Microsoft Office 2003 61

Contents

Making PDF Accessible with Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro

vi |

Microsoft Office 2007 61

If the Word Document is a Form 62

Check the PDF Version of the Document Using Acrobat 62

Changes to the Conversion Settings 63

Repairs You Should Make in the Source File 63

Repairs You Should Make in the PDF File 63

Document Language 63

Tab Order is Consistent with Structure Order 63

Establish Table Headings for Tables 63

Making PDF Accessible with Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro

Introduction

PDF Accessibility

A document or application is accessible if it can be used by people with disabilities—such as mobility

impairments, blindness, and low vision—and not just by people who can see well and use a mouse.

Accessibility features in Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Reader, and Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) make

it easier for people with disabilities to use PDF documents and forms, with or without the aid of assistive

software and devices such as screen readers, screen magnifiers, and braille printers.

Making PDFs accessible tends to benefit all users. For example, the underlying document structure that

makes it possible for a screen reader to properly read a PDF out loud also makes it possible for a mobile

device to correctly reflow and display the document on a small screen. Similarly, the preset tab order of an

accessible PDF form helps all users—not just users with mobility impairments—fill the form more easily.

Each PDF File is Different

Not all PDFs are the same. PDF files are created in a variety of ways, from a variety of applications, and for a

variety of purposes. In addition to applying the proper accessibility enhancements to PDF documents,

achieving your accessibility goals for an individual PDF file requires understanding the nature of the PDF

and the uses for which it is intended.

Using this guide, you will learn how to assess existing PDF files for certain characteristics which influence

their accessibility. The order in which this assessment is conducted is important. By following these

procedures in the recommended order, users can efficiently proceed through the analysis of a PDF file in a

systematic fashion. Systematically ruling out or confirming certain characteristics which a PDF file may

possess will guide you to the most appropriate next step for making an individual PDF accessible (See

“Acrobat 9 Pro PDF Accessibility Repair Workflow” on page 5).

This guide also discusses techniques for converting source files to accessible PDF. Using the Adobe

PDFMaker with Microsoft Word as an example, this guide provides best practices for designing your source

document with accessibility in mind so that the original document can be efficiently transformed into an

accessible PDF version (See “Creating Accessible PDF Files Using Authoring Applications” on page 53).

Note: These Best Practices techniques assume the user has access to Adobe Acrobat Pro 9 or

Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro Extended for Windows. Adobe Reader 9 and Adobe Acrobat 9

Standard do not have the complete set of tools needed to create and validate PDF

documents for accessibility.

Two Workflows for Creating Accessible PDF Files

The PDF format is a destination file format. PDF files are typically created in some other application. What

this means is that the author who is concerned with PDF accessibility will be confronted with one of two

situations:

• Individuals working with an existing PDF file will want to know how to edit/update it to be

an accessible PDF file.

• Authors will want to know how to use some other software application, such as a word processing

or desktop publishing application, to generate an accessible PDF file from that application if

possible.

Making an Existing PDF File Accessible

“Acrobat 9 Pro PDF Accessibility Repair Workflow” on page5 provides a step-by-step approach for

analyzing PDF files and making them accessible based upon that analysis.

Introduction

Making PDF Accessible with Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro

2 |

Generating Accessible PDF Files from Authoring Applications

“Creating Accessible PDF Files Using Authoring Applications” on page53 provides an example using

Microsoft Word of how to use Acrobat’s PDFMaker to make an accessible PDF files from a word processing

application.

Even if you generate an accessible PDF file from an authoring application, you should then follow the steps

in “Acrobat 9 Pro PDF Accessibility Repair Workflow” on page5 in order to identify any items that may

have been missed in the initial conversion or to add PDF accessibility features that are not provided by the

authoring tool.

Characteristics of Accessible PDF files

The Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) is the native file format of the Adobe® Acrobat® family of

products. The goal of these products is to enable users to exchange and view electronic documents easily and

reliably, independently of the environment in which they were created. PDF relies on the same imaging

model as the PostScript® page description language to describe text and graphics in a device-independent

and resolution-independent manner. To improve performance for interactive viewing, PDF defines a more

structured format than that used by most PostScript language programs. PDF also includes objects, such as

annotations and hypertext links, that are not part of the page itself but are useful for interactive viewing and

document interchange.

Accessible PDFs have the following characteristics:

Searchable text

A document that consists of scanned images of text is inherently inaccessible because the content of the

document is a graphic representing the letters on the page, not searchable text. Assistive software cannot

read or extract the words in a graphic representation, users cannot select or edit the text, and you cannot

manipulate the PDF for accessibility. You must convert the scanned images of text to searchable text using

optical character recognition (OCR) before you can use other accessibility features with the document (See

“Step 2: Determine if the PDF is a Scanned Document” on page 5).

Fonts that allow characters to be extracted to text

The fonts in an accessible PDF must contain enough information for Acrobat to correctly extract all of the

characters to text for purposes other than displaying text on the screen. Acrobat extracts characters to

Unicode text when you read a PDF with a screen reader or the Read Out Loud tool, or when you save as text

for a braille printer. This extraction fails if Acrobat cannot determine how to map the font to Unicode

characters.

Interactive form fields

Some PDFs contain forms that a person is to fill out using a computer. To be accessible, form fields must be

interactive—meaning that a user must be able to enter values into the form fields (See “Step 3: Add

Interactive Features: Form Fields and Buttons” on page 8). Interactive PDF forms also have a defined tab

order allowing users of assistive technology to use the tab key in order to progress from one form field or

interactive control in a logical manner.

Other Features: Buttons, hyperlinks, and navigational aids

Navigational aids in a PDF—such as links, bookmarks, headings, a table of contents, and a preset tab order

for form fields—assist all users in using the document without having to read through the entire document,

word by word. Bookmarks are especially useful and can be created from document headings. Many of these

aids can be accessed using the keyboard without relying on the mouse (See “Step 3: Add Interactive

Features: Form Fields and Buttons” on page 8). and (See “Step 4: Add Other Accessibility Features” on

page 16)..

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