Cisco 6500 - Catalyst Series 10 Gigabit EN Interface Module... Bedienungsanleitung

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Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and

Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services

Module Configuration Guide

Release 2.3

Text Part Number: OL-6392-01

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iii

Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services Module Configuration Guide

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CONTENTS

About This Guide xvii

Document Objectives xvii

Audience xvii

Related Documentation xviii

Document Organization xviii

Document Conventions xix

Obtaining Documentation xix

Cisco.com xix

Ordering Documentation xx

Documentation Feedback xx

Obtaining Technical Assistance xx

Cisco Technical Support Website xx

Submitting a Service Request xxi

Definitions of Service Request Severity xxi

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information xxii

Quick Start Steps xxiii

Routed Firewall Configuration Steps xxiii

Transparent Firewall Configuration Steps xxv

CHAPTER

1Introduction to the Firewall Services Module 1-1

Chassis System Requirements 1-2

Features 1-3

General Features 1-3

Stateful Inspection Feature 1-5

Other Protection Features 1-6

How the Firewall Services Module Works 1-8

Security Policy Overview 1-8

VLAN Interfaces 1-8

How the Firewall Services Module Works with the Switch 1-9

Using the MSFC 1-10

Routed Firewall and Transparent Firewall Modes 1-11

Security Contexts 1-12

Contents

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CHAPTER

2Configuring the Switch for the Firewall Services Module 2-1

Switch Overview 2-1

Verifying the Module Installation 2-2

Assigning VLANs to the Firewall Services Module 2-2

Prerequisites 2-3

Assigning VLANs in Cisco IOS Software 2-3

Assigning VLANs in Catalyst Operating System Software 2-5

Adding Switched Virtual Interfaces to the MSFC 2-5

SVI Overview 2-6

Configuring SVIs for Cisco IOS Software on the Supervisor Engine 2-8

Configuring SVIs for Catalyst Operating System Software on the Supervisor Engine 2-9

Customizing the FWSM Internal Interface 2-11

Configuring the Switch for Failover 2-11

Assigning VLANs to the Secondary Firewall Services Module 2-12

Adding a Trunk Between a Primary Switch and Secondary Switch 2-12

Ensuring Compatibility with Transparent Firewall Mode 2-12

Managing the Firewall Services Module Boot Partitions 2-12

Flash Memory Overview 2-13

Setting the Default Boot Partition 2-13

Resetting the FWSM or Booting from a Specific Partition 2-13

Resetting the FWSM in Cisco IOS Software 2-14

Resetting the FWSM in Catalyst Operating System Software 2-14

CHAPTER

3Connecting to the Firewall Services Module and Managing the Configuration 3-1

Sessioning and Logging into the Firewall Services Module 3-1

Managing the Configuration at the CLI 3-3

Saving Configuration Changes 3-3

Viewing the Configuration 3-3

Clearing and Removing Configuration Settings 3-4

Creating Text Configuration Files Offline 3-4

CHAPTER

4Configuring the Firewall Mode 4-1

Firewall Mode Overview 4-1

Routed Mode Overview 4-1

IP Routing Support 4-2

Network Address Translation 4-2

How Data Moves Through the FWSM in Routed Firewall Mode 4-3

Transparent Mode Overview 4-8

Contents

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Transparent Firewall Features 4-9

Using the Transparent Firewall in Your Network 4-10

Transparent Firewall Guidelines 4-11

How Data Moves Through the Transparent Firewall 4-12

Setting the Firewall Mode 4-16

CHAPTER

5Managing Security Contexts 5-1

Security Context Overview 5-1

Common Uses for Security Contexts 5-2

Context Configuration Files 5-2

How the FWSM Classifies Packets 5-2

IP Routing Support 5-5

Sharing Resources and Interfaces Between Contexts 5-5

Sharing Resources 5-6

Shared Interface Limitations 5-7

Logging into the FWSM in Multiple Context Mode 5-9

Enabling or Disabling Multiple Context Mode 5-10

Backing Up the Single Mode Configuration 5-10

Entering an Activation Key for Multiple Security Contexts 5-10

Enabling Multiple Context Mode 5-11

Restoring Single Context Mode 5-11

Configuring Resource Management 5-11

Classes and Class Members Overview 5-12

Resource Limits 5-12

Default Class 5-13

Class Members 5-14

Configuring a Class 5-14

ACL Memory Partitions Overview 5-17

Configuring ACL Memory Partitions 5-17

Configuring a Security Context 5-19

Removing a Security Context 5-22

Changing the Admin Context 5-22

Changing Between Contexts and the System Execution Space 5-22

Changing the Security Context URL 5-23

Reloading a Security Context 5-24

Reloading by Clearing the Configuration 5-24

Reloading by Removing and Re-adding the Context 5-24

Monitoring Security Contexts 5-24

Contents

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Viewing Context Information 5-25

Viewing Resource Allocation 5-26

Viewing Resource Usage 5-28

Monitoring SYN Attacks using TCP Intercept 5-29

CHAPTER

6Configuring Basic Settings 6-1

Changing the Passwords 6-1

Changing the Login Password 6-2

Changing the Enable Password 6-2

Changing the Maintenance Partition Passwords 6-2

Setting the Host Name 6-4

Setting the Domain Name 6-5

Adding a Login Banner 6-5

Configuring Interfaces 6-6

Security Level Overview 6-6

Setting the Name and Security Level 6-7

Allowing Communication Between Interfaces on the Same Security Level 6-8

Turning Off and Turning On Interfaces 6-10

Configuring Connection Limits for Non-NAT Configurations 6-10

CHAPTER

7Configuring Bridging Parameters and ARP Inspection 7-1

Customizing the MAC Address Table 7-1

MAC Address Table Overview 7-1

Adding a Static MAC Address 7-2

Setting the MAC Address Timeout 7-2

Disabling MAC Address Learning 7-2

Viewing the MAC Address Table 7-3

Configuring ARP Inspection 7-3

ARP Inspection Overview 7-3

Adding a Static ARP Entry 7-4

Enabling ARP Inspection 7-4

CHAPTER

8Configuring IP Addresses, Routing, and DHCP 8-1

Configuring IP Addresses 8-1

Assigning IP Addresses to Interfaces for a Routed Firewall 8-2

Setting the Management IP Address for a Transparent Firewall 8-2

Configuring the Default Route 8-2

Configuring Static Routes 8-3

Contents

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Configuring OSPF 8-4

OSPF Overview 8-4

Enabling OSPF 8-5

Redistributing Routes Between OSPF Processes 8-6

Adding a Route Map 8-6

Redistributing Static, Connected, or OSPF Routes to an OSPF Process 8-8

Configuring OSPF Interface Parameters 8-9

Configuring OSPF Area Parameters 8-11

Configuring OSPF NSSA 8-12

Configuring Route Summarization Between OSPF Areas 8-13

Configuring Route Summarization When Redistributing Routes into OSPF 8-14

Generating a Default Route 8-14

Configuring Route Calculation Timers 8-15

Logging Neighbors Going Up or Down 8-15

Displaying OSPF Update Packet Pacing 8-16

Monitoring OSPF 8-16

Restarting the OSPF Process 8-17

Configuring RIP 8-18

RIP Overview 8-18

Enabling RIP 8-18

Configuring the DHCP Server 8-19

Enabling the DHCP Server 8-19

Using Cisco IP Phones with a DHCP Server 8-20

Configuring DHCP Relay 8-21

CHAPTER

9Configuring Network Address Translation 9-1

NAT Overview 9-1

Introduction to NAT 9-2

NAT Types 9-3

Dynamic NAT 9-3

PAT 9-4

Static NAT 9-5

Static PAT 9-5

Bypassing NAT 9-7

Policy NAT 9-8

Outside NAT 9-10

NAT and Same Security Level Interfaces 9-11

Order of NAT Commands Used to Match Local Addresses 9-12

Maximum Number of NAT Statements 9-12

Contents

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Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services Module Configuration Guide

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Global Address Guidelines 9-12

DNS and NAT 9-13

Setting Connection Limits in the NAT Configuration 9-16

Using Dynamic NAT and PAT 9-16

Dynamic NAT and PAT Implementation 9-17

Configuring NAT or PAT 9-23

Using Static NAT 9-26

Using Static PAT 9-27

Bypassing NAT 9-29

Configuring Identity NAT 9-29

Configuring Static Identity NAT 9-30

Configuring NAT Exemption 9-31

NAT Examples 9-32

Overlapping Networks 9-33

Redirecting Ports 9-34

CHAPTER

10 Controlling Network Access with Access Control Lists 10-1

Access Control List Overview 10-1

Access Control List Types and Uses 10-2

Access Control List Type Overview 10-2

Controlling Network Access for IP Traffic (Extended) 10-2

Identifying Traffic for AAA rules (Extended) 10-3

Controlling Network Access for IP Traffic for a Given User (Extended) 10-4

Identifying Addresses for Policy NAT and NAT Exemption (Extended) 10-4

VPN Management Access (Extended) 10-5

Controlling Network Access for Non-IP Traffic (EtherType) 10-5

Redistributing OSPF Routes (Standard) 10-6

Access Control List Guidelines 10-6

Access Control Entry Order 10-6

Access Control List Implicit Deny 10-6

Access Control List Commit 10-6

Maximum Number of ACEs 10-7

IP Addresses Used for Access Control Lists When You Use NAT 10-7

Inbound and Outbound Access Control Lists 10-10

Access Control List Override 10-13

Adding an Extended Access Control List 10-13

Adding an EtherType Access Control List 10-16

Adding a Standard Access Control List 10-17

Contents

Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services Module Configuration Guide

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Simplifying Access Control Lists with Object Grouping 10-18

How Object Grouping Works 10-18

Adding Object Groups 10-19

Adding a Protocol Object Group 10-19

Adding a Network Object Group 10-20

Adding a Service Object Group 10-20

Adding an ICMP Type Object Group 10-21

Nesting Object Groups 10-22

Using Object Groups with an Access Control List 10-23

Displaying Object Groups 10-24

Removing Object Groups 10-24

Manually Committing Access Control Lists and Rules 10-24

Adding Remarks to Access Control Lists 10-25

Logging Extended Access Control List Activity 10-26

Access Control List Logging Overview 10-26

Configuring Logging for an Access Control Entry 10-27

Managing Deny Flows 10-28

CHAPTER

11 Allowing Remote Management 11-1

Allowing Telnet 11-1

Allowing SSH 11-2

Configuring SSH Access 11-3

Using an SSH Client 11-4

Allowing HTTPS for PDM 11-4

Allowing a VPN Management Connection 11-5

Configuring Basic Settings for All Tunnels 11-5

Configuring VPN Client Access 11-7

Configuring a Site-to-Site Tunnel 11-9

Allowing ICMP to and from the FWSM 11-10

CHAPTER

12 Configuring AAA 12-1

AAA Overview 12-1

AAA Performance 12-2

About Authentication 12-2

About Authorization 12-2

About Accounting 12-3

AAA Server and Local Database Support 12-4

Configuring the Local Database 12-6

Contents

Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services Module Configuration Guide

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Identifying a AAA Server 12-6

Configuring Authentication for CLI Access 12-8

Configuring Authentication to Access Privileged Mode 12-8

Configuring Authentication for the enable Command 12-9

Authenticating Users Using the login Command 12-9

Configuring Command Authorization 12-10

Command Authorization Overview 12-10

Configuring Local Command Authorization 12-10

Local Command Authorization Prerequisites 12-11

Default Command Privilege Levels 12-11

Assigning Privilege Levels to Commands and Enabling Authorization 12-11

Viewing Command Privilege Levels 12-13

Configuring TACACS+ Command Authorization 12-13

TACACS+ Command Authorization Prerequisites 12-14

Configuring Commands on the TACACS+ Server 12-14

Enabling TACACS+ Command Authorization 12-17

Viewing the Current Logged-In User 12-18

Recovering from a Lockout 12-19

Configuring Authentication for Network Access 12-20

Authentication Overview 12-20

Enabling Network Access Authentication 12-21

Enabling Secure Authentication of Web Clients 12-22

Configuring Authorization for Network Access 12-23

Configuring TACACS+ Authorization 12-24

Configuring RADIUS Authorization 12-25

Configuring the RADIUS Server to Download Per-User Access Control Lists 12-25

Configuring the RADIUS Server to Download Per-User Access Control List Names 12-27

Configuring Accounting for Network Access 12-27

CHAPTER

13 Configuring Application Protocol Inspection 13-1

Inspection Engine Overview 13-1

When to Use Application Protocol Inspection 13-1

Inspection Limitations 13-2

Inspection Support 13-2

Configuring an Inspection Engine 13-4

Detailed Information About Inspection Engines 13-5

CUSeeMe Inspection Engine 13-5

DNS over UDP Inspection Engine 13-6

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